Unit 5 What are the shirts made of 核心语法-2023-2024学年九年级英语全一册【学与练】核心语法&重点词汇（人教版）

Unit 5 What are the shirts made of ? 内容提要： 1. 被动语态基本用法 2. 一般现在时的被动语态 1、 被动语态基本用法 · 新知识学习 1. 主动语态和被动语态 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态 (1) 主动语态：当主语是动作的 时，句子用主动语态。 He cleans the yard every morning. (2) 被动语态：当主语是动作的 时，句子用被动语态。 The yard is cleaned by him every morning. 2. 以下情况常使用被动语态 (1) 不知道动作的发出者是谁 The book was published in 1992. (2) 没有必要说出动作的发出者 The PRC was founded in 1949. (3) 出于礼貌等，不愿说出动作的发出者 It is said that she will marry a rich man. (4) 强调动作的承受者 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. (5) 文章、广告、新闻的标题常用被动语态(省略be动词) Girls Wanted. (招聘广告) (6) 一些短语、句型常用被动语态形式 The room is filled with toys. It is said that he will go abroad for further study. 3. 被动语态的基本结构 (1) + 。 动词的过去分词的变化规则如下： · 一般在词尾直接加 ，清辅音后读[t]，浊辅音和元音后读[d]，在[t]和[d]后读[id] help-helped;work-worked;talk-talked · 以不发音e结尾的单词，直接加 live-lived;like-liked;move-moved · 以辅音字母+y 结尾的， ， study-studied;worry-worried;try-tries · 以重读闭音节结尾的， 最后一个辅音字母， stop-stopped;plan-planned;chat-chatted · 不规则变化(详见教材不规则动词变化表) let-let;fly-flown;did-done;be-been;deal-dealt;keep-kept (2) 助动词be动词随着主语进行各种 变化，并与主语保持 。 David is seen as a good player. The two bridges were built last year. 4. 被动语态的各种句式 (1) 陈述句： Tea culture is regarded as a symbol of China. He is not chosen to take part in the activity. (2) 一般疑问句： Is the cut down by your father yesterday ? (3) 特殊疑问句： What languages are spoken in Germany? 5. 主动语态的句子改写为被动语态的句子 (1) 改写步骤 · 把主动语态的 变为被动语态的 。 · 把谓语变成 (be+过去分词) · 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。 主动语态：They are repairing the road. 被动语态：The road is being repaired by them. (2) 改写注意事项 · 句中含有双宾语时，一般要把 (sb.)变成被动句的主语 主动语态：She gave me a toy ship. → 被动语态：I was given a toy ship(by her). · 若将直接宾语( sth ) 变成主语，则在间接宾语前加上介词to或for 常用to的介词有“