UNIT 1 Grammar and usage—语法·提升语言能力（word教参）-【新课程学案】新教材2023-2024学年高中英语选择性必修2 （译林版）

Grammar and usage—语法·提升语言能力 课时目标 1.通过阅读美国新闻工作者、出版家约瑟夫·普利策的生平事迹，探究过去完成时的概念，并归纳过去完成时的一般规则。 2.通过句子和语篇两个层面的练习巩固所学内容，深化理解过去完成时的含义。 3.通过叙述中国新闻工作者、出版家邹韬奋的生平，在具体语境中正确使用过去完成时。 语法项目——过去完成时 初识语法——在美文运用中体悟　 Lonesome George was the last Pinta Island tortoise.He died in 2012.After George's death, the Pinta Island tortoise was declared extinct.The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans.Before humans arrived on the island, the species had lived in isolation and had eaten the plants that naturally grew there.① George was discovered many years after their arrival, and by then humans had introduced new species that competed for the food the tortoises ate②.After goats in particular had been brought to the island③， the Pinta Island tortoise population declined.Eventually only George remained., 句①中，before 引导的时间状语从句中使用了一般过去时，主句中使用了过去完成时； 句②中，时间状语为by then，故句子使用过去完成时； 句③为过去完成时的被动语态。 慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通　 一、过去完成时的构成及基本用法　 [先感知] ①(教材典句)．.. by then he had learned very little English. ②(教材典句)．.. by the age of 25, he had become a publisher. ③She said that she had been in China for 3 years. ④I had been at the bus stop for 30 minutes when a bus finally came. ⑤I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor. ⑥I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn't catch the train. [会发现] (1)过去完成时的构成：had＋过去分词。 (2)句①、句②的时间状语为介词by＋过去时间点，谓语动词表示的是过去某一时间前就已经发生或完成了的动作。 (3)句③、句④的时间状语是介词for＋时间段，谓语动词表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。 (4)句⑤、句⑥表示未曾实现的愿望或打算，谓语分别是had_intended与had_hoped。 [明规则] 1．过去完成时的构成为：had＋过去分词，否定式是在had后加not，疑问式是把had提前。 2．表示在过去某一时刻之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。时间状语为by，before等介词(短语)搭配过去的时间点，或使用了过去时的时间状语从句。 3．表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，时间状语常用“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点”。 4．表示未曾实现的愿望或打算，主要用于hope, want, expect, think, suppose, plan, mean, intend等动词。　　　　 [对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子) ①She had_learned (learn) some English before she came to England. ②Until then he had_known (know) nothing about it. ③I had_finished (finish) cooking dinner before you came back. ④She said that she had_made (ma