专题05 阅读理解（议论文）-备战2024年高考英语近两年名校联考模拟试题精选（上海专用）

专题05 阅读理解（议论文） （原卷版） 目录 1. 上海市市北中学2023年高三试卷 2. 2023年上海市南洋中学校考三模 3. 上海市进才中学2023-2024学年高三9月测试 4. 上海市复兴高级中学2022-2023学年高三试卷 5. 上海市复兴中学2022-2023学年高三测评试卷 6. 上海市复旦中学2022-2023学年高三期中试题 7. 上海市实验中学2022-2023学年高三试题 8. 上海市交大附中2023年高三试题 9. 上海市建平中学2022-2023学年高三试题 10. 上海市向明中学2022-2023学年高三试题 1. 【上海市市北中学2023年高三试卷】 Why isn’t science better? Look at career incentives. There are often substantial gaps between the idealized and actual versions of those people whose work involves providing a social good. Government officials are supposed to work for their constituents. Journalists are supposed to provide unbiased reporting and penetrating analysis. And scientists are supposed to relentlessly probe the fabric of reality with the most rigorous and skeptical of methods. All too often, however, what should be just isn’t so. In a number of scientific fields, published findings turn out not to replicate (复制), or to have smaller effects than, what was initially claimed. Plenty of science does replicate — meaning the experiments turn out the same way when you repeat them — but the amount that doesn’t is too much for comfort. But there are also ways in which scientists increase their chances of getting it wrong. Running studies with small samples, mining data for correlations and forming hypotheses to fit an experiment’s results after the fact are just some of the ways to increase the number of false discoveries. It’s not like we don’t know how to do better. Scientists who study scientific methods have known about feasible remedies for decades. Unfortunately, their advice often falls on deaf ears. Why? Why aren’t scientific methods better than they are? In a word: incentives. But perhaps not in the way you think. In the 1970s, psychologists and economists began to point out the danger in relying on quantitative measures for social decision-making. For example, when public schools are evaluated by students’ performance on standardized tests, teachers respond by teaching “to the test”