2023年中考英语语法专题12:定语从句
语法专题:定语从句
【考点点拨】
定语从句是在主从复合句中修饰某个名词或代词的句子,它在句中作定语。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词(也叫关系词)。如:
The boys (who are playing football) are from Class One. 那群踢足球的男孩都是一班的。
(先行词) (引导词) (从句)
1.定语从句的引导词(关系词)
常见的关系代词有:
关系代词 | 先行词 | 举例 | 备注 |
who | 指“人” | The boy ________ is under the tree is Tom. | who , that 及 which 在从句中作宾语时,常可省略,但是介词提前时关系代词不能省略,也不能使用 that。 |
which | 指“物” | The house ________ he lived in is a museum. | |
that | 指“人”或“物” | A plane is a machine ________ can fly. He knows the girl ________ I am talking to . |
- that 与 which, who 的用法区别
(1)只用 that的情况
①先行词被 all,no,some,any, only, little.much,many,every 等修饰时
I will do everything ________ I can do to help you. 我将会尽我所能来帮助你。
②先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时
This is the most beautiful city ________ I have seen. 这是我见过的最漂亮的城市。
③先行词为数词或被序数词修饰时
You are the first men ________ like this kind of books. 你们是第一批喜欢这种书的人。
④先行词中既有人又有物时
We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools ________ we had visited.
我们访问过的老师和参观过的学校给我们留下了很深的印象。
⑤当主句中已经含有关系词who或者which时,引导词只用that
He built a factory which produced things ________ I had never seen .他建造了一个工厂,生产的东西是我从未见过的。
(2)只用who的情况
①先行词是anyone, one, ones,those时
Anyone ________ breaks rules should be punished . 任何打破规则的人都应该被处罚。
②有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已经使用了that,另一个宜用who
The boy________ you met last night is her boyfriend who can make kites.
你昨晚遇到的那个男孩是她的男朋友,他会制作风筝。
【注意】
引导词在从句中作主语时,从句中谓语动词的单复数与所修饰的先行词保持一致。如:
He has a daughter who ______very beautiful. 他有个非常漂亮的女儿。
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