现在完成时考点总结（讲义）2024年中考英语一轮 语法专题 复习

• 现在完成时的用法
• 表示动作发生在过去，持续到现在，并有可能继续下去。
• 表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成影响。

结构：have/has done

 

实战演练：

1.The English teacher ____ in this village for ten years.

A.have lived                                                     B.has lived

C.lives                                                               D.living

解析：由时间状语for ten years可知，动作从过去持续到现在，有可能继续下去，所以用现在完成时have/has done结构，因主语是第三人称单数，所以用has done，故选B。

 

2.He ____ the key in the office. Now we have to wait outside the room.

A.leave                                                              B.left

C.have left                                                        D.has left

解析：由下文Now we have to waitoutside the room可知，上文“落下钥匙”的动作发生在过去，且对现在造成影响，所以用现在完成时have/has done结构，因主语是第三人称单数，所以用has done，故选D。

 

• 判断现在完成时的时间标志词

中考选择题中的现在完成时考查时，一般有常用的时间状语：“for+时间段”，“since+过去的时间/一般过去时”、“in the past/last+时间段”、never、before、already、yet、recently、just、次数、so far等。

注意：already一般用于肯定句句中（用于疑问句中时表示强调或加强语气），yet一般用于否定句和疑问句句末。

Hehas already been there.

Hehasn’t been there yet.

 

实战演练：

1.This medicine ____ millions of people’s lives since it was put into use.

A.is saving                                                       B.will save

Chas saved                                                       D.had saved

解析：由since it was put intouse “自从它投入使用以来”可知，句子用现在完成时have/has done结构，故选C。

 

2.The film Operation Red Sea ____ a lot of praise since its first show monthsago.

A.wins                                                              B.win

C.will win                                                         D.has won

解析：由since its first showmonths ago“从几个月前的第一次演出开始”可知，句子用现在完成时have/has done结构，故选D。

 

• 肯定句、否定句及疑问句的转换

肯定句句式：主语+have/has done+(其它).

否定句句式：主语+have/has not done+(其它).

一般疑问句句式：Have/Has+主语+done+(其它)?

特殊疑问句句式：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+done+(其它)?

 

实战演练：

1. MrSmith has already finished his work. (改为否定句)

Mr Smith________ finished his work ________.

答案：hasn’t；yet

1. Theyhave been away from this town for more than ten years. (改为一般疑问句)

________ they________ ________ ________ this town for more than ten years?

   答案：Have；been；away；from

 

• have beento/have gone to/have been in区别

have been to	表示去过某地（已经回来） She has been to  America three times. 她去过美国三次。
have gone to	表示去了某地（尚未回） Mr Black has gone to  Beijing on a business tour. Black先生已经到北京出差去了。（说话时Black先生还在北京）
have been in	表示待在某地多长时间，通常与表示一段时间的状语连用 We have been in this  small village for two months. 我们在这个小村庄里已经两个月了。

 

实战演练：

1. Doyou know that they ____ the beautiful island many times?
2. A.have been in                                                 B.have been to
3. C.have gone to                                                 D.had been to

解析：know后面是宾语从句，主句是一般现在时，所以从句用不受主句的时态限制；many times表示次数，与现在完成时连用，且表示去过已回来，用have been to，故选B。

 

• 现在完成时与一般过去时的辨析