2024届高三英语一轮复习主谓一致讲解讲义

主谓一致讲解

主谓一致概念：在英语中，句子谓语动词的数，必须和主语的数保持一致。

主谓一致分类：

1. 语法一致：主语的单复数决定谓语的单复数。
2. 意义一致：形单意复或形复意单的名词作主语，谓语动词要根据主语的意义来确定。
3. 就近一致：谓语动词与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
4. 就前一致：谓语动词与第一个主语在数上保持一致。

一、语法一致

1. 主语是单数，谓语用单数，主语是复数，谓语是复数。

eg: The result of the research are to be published soon.

2. 复合不定代词someone , anyone, everyone, nobody= no one, something, anything, everything, nothing等作主语，谓语动词用单数。

eg: If anyone sees Lisa, ask her to call me.

eg: Nothing is impossible to a willing.

3. each of + 名词复数/us/them/you ,作主语，谓语用单数形式，但“we,you, they 或 名词复数+ each”作主语，谓语用复数。

eg:  Each of the students has an apple.

eg: The students each have an apple.

4. 代词all作主语，指人，谓语用复数；指物或现象，谓语用单数。

eg: All are equal before the law.法律面前，人人平等。

eg: All is well that ends well.结局好一切都好。

5. 不定式、动名词或从句做主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。

eg: Having to change trains is a small inconvenience.换乘火车多少有些不便。

6. many a/the whole/each/every/either/neither+单数名词

做主语，谓语动词用单数。

Many a page in this book is missing.这本书缺了许多页。

The whole nation is in deep sorrow.整个国家沉浸在悲痛之中。

单句填空

1. His suggestion_____(have)been accepted.
2. To say you were ignorant of the rules_____(be)no excuse.
3. How to earn daily bread by my pen_____(be)then the problem.

二、意义一致

1. 形式为单数但意义为复数概念的police, cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

eg:The police have not made any arrests.警方未逮捕任何人。

2. 表示一类人/物的the poor/rich/dead/injured/wounded等和“the+姓氏复数”做主语时，谓语动词用复数。

eg:The rich are to help the poor.富人应该帮助穷人。

eg:The Greens are going to London.格林一家要去伦敦。

3. 表示某国人的总称的the Chinese, the British, the Irish等做主语时，谓语动词用复数。

eg:The Chinese are hard-working.中国人民是勤劳的。

4. maths, physics, politics, news等以“s”结尾却表示单数或不可数概念的名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。

eg: Physics is my favorite subject. 物理是我最喜欢的科目。

eg: Bad news has wings. 坏事传千里。

5. 单复数同形的名词sheep, deer, means等作主语，谓语动词的数与实际语境一致。

eg:Three sheep are eating grass there.三只羊在那里吃草

eg:A sheep is lying there.有只羊正躺在那里。

6. 集体名词family, class, crew, team, group, audience, committee等作主语时，动词的单复数要根据主语所指的意义而定。当集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词用单数；如果指其中的各个成员时，谓语动词用复数。

eg: The class consists of twenty-five boys and twenty girls.这个班25个男生和20个女生组成。（强调class这一整体）

eg: The class are doing experiments.全班学生正在做实验。（强调class里的各个成员）

单句填空

1. The cattle_____(be)eating grass on the hill now.
2. Not every means   _____(be)useful.
3. The English  _____(be)proud of their sense of humor.

三、就近一致

or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., not...but...在句子中连接并列主语的时候或者在 there be 句型中，谓语动词要和离他最近的主语保持一致。

eg: Not his parents but he doesn’t want to go.不是他的父母不想去而是他不想去。

eg: Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没有错。

eg: Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.不仅是学生，老师也盼望假期。

eg: There is a cup of tea and some apple on the table.桌子上有一杯茶和一些苹果。

单句填空

1. _____(be)either you or he fit for the job?
2. Not you but I_____(be)responsible for this.
3. _________not only the students but also their teacher required to attend the meeting?

四、就前一致

在含“名词或代词+with, along with, together with, as well as, rather than, but, except或not等+名词或代词”, including +宾语， in addition to + 宾语…. . 结构的句子中，谓语动词的数应该和第一个名词或代词保持一致。

eg: Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party.汤姆以及他的两个朋友一起被邀请参加聚会了。

eg: Nobody but one teacher and three students was in the laboratory.只有一个老师和三个学生在实验室里。

五、主谓一致的几个易混点。

1. 并列主语的主谓一致

（1）两个单数可数名词或不可数名词用and连接，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。

eg: Tom and Jack were close friends.汤姆和杰克是亲密的朋友。