2023年人教版中考英语复习主谓一致专题知识梳理
一、专题知识梳理
一、主谓一致概念
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。
二、主谓一致三原则
主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。
1. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。例如：Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。
They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。
2. 意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。
3. 就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如：
Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.
There is a pen and some books on the desk.
三、主谓一致常考题型
1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词做主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)做主语，谓语用复数形式。
例如：
The desk is Tom’s. 这张桌子是汤姆的。
Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。
The students are playing football on the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。
2. many a+单数名词做主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。例如：
Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。
3. more than one+单数名词做主语，谓语用单数。例如：
More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
但是注意：more ....than one是复数主语，故谓语动词用复数。试比较：
e.g.More than one student is here.
e.g. More students than one are here.
注意： “more than two…”修饰主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
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More than two houses have been damaged in the hurricane.
4. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语做主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如：
Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。
Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 20英镑并不太重。
Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 10英里并不是一段很长的距离。
Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。
5. 主语是each/every/no+单数名词+and(each/every/no)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。例如：
Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。
Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。
6. one and a half+复数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。
7. 动词不定式，动名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
To see is to believe 眼见为实。
Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。
8. a/an+单数名词+or two 做主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：
A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。
9. 当主语部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词和这些词前面的主语保持一致。例如：
Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
10. 由and连接的两个单数名词做主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。
a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；
a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。例如：
The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)
The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)
11. 集体名词
- 常作复数的集体名词 people, police, cattle等，常作复数，随后的动词用复数形式；
The police are helping a girl find her parents.
People there are living a happy life.
People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。
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His family isn’t large. 他家的人不多。
My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。
- 既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词family, team, group, class, audience, government, public,crowd,committee crew, crowd等。如将各该名词所表示的名词视为一个整体，则动词用单数。
My family are going on vacation next month. VS. My family is a small one with three people.
The government is doing its best to increase production
VS. The government have discussed the matter for a long time but they haven’t made a decision yet.
The football team is being recognized.
VS. The football team are having baths and then coming back here foe tea.
12. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody,
no one, nothing做主语，谓语动词用单数，例如：
Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗？
Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。
Nobody was in. 没有人在家。
13. each, either, neither, another, the other 做主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：
Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。
Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。
each修饰名词或代词做主语，谓语动词用单数。但each位于复数主语后或句末做同位语时，谓语用复数
e.g. Each of the students has a dictionary
The students each have a dictionary.
The students have a dictionary each.
14. 以—s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等，例如：
No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。
Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。
15. 由both…and…连接两个单数名词做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；
由or, either…or…，neither…nor…,not only…but also…,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词做主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。例如：
Both his father and his mother are both teachers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。
Tom or Jack is wrong. 不是汤姆就是杰克错了。
Either this one or that one is ok. 这一个或那一个都行。
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