Unit 2 Section Ⅱ Using language-【精讲精练】2023-2024学年高中英语选择性必修第一册外研版（教师用书）

Section Ⅱ　Using language

一、常接动词不定式作宾语的动词

1．只跟动词不定式作宾语的动词：afford，agree，decide，determine，expect，aim，hope，manage，refuse，want，wish，offer，promise，pretend，happen(碰巧) 等。

◆Having spent nearly all our money，we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel.

我们几乎花光了所有的钱，因此住不起旅馆了。

◆If you happen to get lost in the wild，you'd better stay where you are and wait for help.

如果你碰巧在野外迷路了，最好待在原地，等待帮助。

[温馨提示]

动词不定式作宾语，通常有三种形式：

(1)一般式(to do)：表示的动作通常与谓语动词所表示的动作(状态) 同时发生，或在它之后发生。当不定式的逻辑主语是其所表示的动作的承受者时，用被动形式(to be done)。

(2)进行式(to be doing)：表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，并强调动作的持续性或动作正在进行。

(3)完成式(to have done)：表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。

2．在 make，think，find，feel，consider 等动词后常用 it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语(由不定式充当) 后置，构成“make/think/...＋ it ＋n./adj.＋ to do”结构。

◆I feel it my duty to help others.

我认为帮助别人是我的责任。

◆They found it important to fix a date for the outing.

他们发现确定短途旅行的日期很重要。

3．“疑问词＋不定式”结构作宾语

“疑问词(who，which，when，where，how，what等) ＋不定式”结构在句中起名词作用，可作介词的宾语，也可作动词的宾语。常接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语的动词有：teach，remember，forget，decide，wonder，show，learn，consider，know等。

◆I don't know how to deal with the money.

我不知道怎么处理这些钱。

◆We understand how to use electricity，but don't understand what it is.

我们理解怎样用电，但不知道什么是电。

[即时演练1]——用所给动词的适当形式填空

(1)(2022·全国乙卷) However，some high sugar brands，like Classic Coca Cola，have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change (change) for fear of upsetting consumers.

(2)(2021·天津卷3月) He has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix (fix) their own bike.

(3)(2021·全国乙卷) Generation Xers with young families，like my wife and I，can still find it convenient to have (have) a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member.

(4)She pretended to be listening (listen) to the manager，but actually she was thinking about something else.

(5)Look at the pride on Tom's face.He seems to have been praised (praise) by the manager just now.

二、常接动词­ing形式作宾语的动词(短语)

1．只跟动词­ing形式作宾语的常见动词(短语)：suggest，finish，practice，avoid，miss，enjoy，imagine，admit，consider(考虑)，appreciate，escape，risk，mind，stand(忍受)，consider，put off，give up，keep on，feel like，be used to(习惯于)，look forward to等。

◆He got well­prepared for the interview，for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity.

他为这场面试做好了准备，因为他不能冒险失去这一良机。

◆You must give up smoking，for it does too much harm to your health.

你必须戒烟，因为吸烟对你的健康危害很大。

[温馨提示]

在下列句型中也要用动词­ing形式作宾语：

be worth doing...值得做……

What/How about doing...？做……怎么样？

have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing...做……有困难

have fun (in) doing...做……很快乐

spend/waste time/money (in) doing...花费/浪费时间/金钱做……

There is no sense/point/use/good (in) doing...做……是没有意义/没有道理/没用/没好处的

2．动词­ing 形式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，需带有自己的主语，即构成动词­ing 形式的复合结构：(1)形容词性物主代词＋动词­ing；(2)人称代词宾格＋动词­ing；(3)名词's＋动词­ing；(4)名词＋动词­ing。

◆He left the city without our knowing it.

我们都不知道他离开了这座城市。

◆Would you mind my/me using your cell phone?

你介意我用你的手机吗？

◆I knew nothing about the window being open.

我一点儿也不知道窗户开着。

[即时演练2]——用所给动词的适当形式填空

(1)(2022·全国甲卷) The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying (annoy) your companions.

(2)(2021·北京卷) It is easier to avoid a discussion，but risking talking (talk) about it may eventually lead to a better outcome.

(3)Now he hopes that other cities will consider making (make) their streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.

(4)Would you mind washing (wash) the clothes for me because I am too busy today?

(5)The foreign friends are looking forward to being shown (show) around our school.

三、既可接动词­ing形式又可接动词不定式的动词(短语) 用法

1．接动词不定式与动词­ing形式意义差别大的动词(短语)

(1)remember to do...　记得要做……

remember doing...  记得做过……

(2)forget to do...  忘记做……

forget doing...  忘记做过……

(3)regret to do...  遗憾做……

regret doing...  后悔做过……

(4)try to do...  努力去做……