Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas-【精讲精练】2023-2024学年高中英语选择性必修第一册外研版（教师用书）

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①human behaviour人类行为

behaviour n．[U]行为，举止

②medieval[ˌmedi'iːv(ə)l] adj.中世纪的，中古时期的

③be filled with...＝be full of...充满……

④throw light on使(问题等) 较容易理解

⑤emotive[ɪ'məʊtɪv]adj.使情绪激动的

emotion n．[C，U]情感，情绪

⑥issue n．[C]问题；(杂志或报刊的) 期vt.公布；出版

environmental issues环境问题

⑦be remembered for...因为……而被铭记

⑧combine...with...把……与……结合起来

⑨mischievous['mɪstʃɪvəs]adj.调皮的，淘气的

⑩classic adj.经典的 n．[C]经典作品

classical adj.古典的

⑪cross out划掉，删掉(错字)

⑫remark[rɪ'mɑːk]n.[C]言论；意见，评论vi. & vt.评论

make remarks about sth＝remark on sth就某事发表评

The Importance of Humour

Humour has been an essential part of human behaviour① for thousands of years.There is comedy in the texts of Ancient Greece，and medieval② writings are filled with③ jokes.[1]While these same jokes might not be as funny to us now as they were then，their authors understood that humour could not only entertain but also throw new light on④ sensitive or emotive⑤ issues⑥.

[1]此句中连词While引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然、尽管”；在该状语从句中又包含一个as引导的比较状语从句；that humour...issues为that引导的宾语从句，其中not only...but also...连接并列谓语。

Closer to modern times，someone who is remembered for⑦ his ability to combine humour with⑧ more serious messages is American writer，Mark Twain.Twain's particular style of writing is funny and often mischievous⑨.For example，in his classic⑩ novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer，he famously says，“Writing is easy.[2]All you have to do is cross out⑪ the wrong words.” But he is equally well known for his witty remarks⑫ in his everyday interactions⑬ with people.For instance，

幽默的重要性

几千年来，幽默一直是人类行为的重要组成部分。古希腊的文字记载中有喜剧，中世纪的作品中也充满了笑话。虽然这些同样的笑话现在对我们来说可能不像当时那么有趣，但它们的作者明白幽默不仅可以娱乐，还可以为敏感问题或易引起激烈争论的问题提供新的视角。

近现代时期，有一个人以能将幽默和更严肃的信息相结合而著称，这个人就是美国作家马克·吐温。马克·吐温独特的写作风格有趣而诙谐。例如，在他的经典小说《汤姆·索亚历险记》中，他有句名言：“写作容易。你所要做的就是把错误的单词划掉。”但他也同样因日常人际交往中的风趣言辞而闻名。例如，

论

⑬interaction[ˌɪntər'æktʃ(ə)n]n.[U，C]交流

interact[ˌɪntər'ækt]vi.交流，沟通，合作；相互影响，相互作用

interact with sb/sth与某人沟通；与某物相互作用

⑭a barber's shop理发店

barber['bɑːbə]n.[C]男理发师

⑮shave[ʃeɪv]n.[C]& vi. & vt.刮脸，刮胡子

get/have a shave刮脸

⑯recognise vt.认出；承认；(正式) 认可

recognise...as...承认/认可……是……

recognition n．[U]识别；[usually sing.，U]承认

⑰response n．[C，U](口头的或书面的) 回答，答复；反应，响应

respond vt. & vi.回答 vi.作出反应

make a response to＝respond to对……作出反应/回复

⑱just one's luck(对自己的遭遇并不惊讶) 常不走运，就这运气

⑲fellow['feləʊ]n.[C]男人；家伙

⑳lecture[熟词生义]vi.(尤指

[3]while on a lecturing tour of the United States, Twain went into a barber's shop⑭ to get a haircut and a shave⑮.The barber，[4]not recognising⑯ him, asked if he had a ticket to the lecture.When Twain replied that he didn't，the barber told him that if he wanted to go to the event he would have to stand，as there were no seats left in the theatre.Twain's response⑰ was，“That's just my luck⑱.I always have to stand when that fellow⑲ lectures⑳！”

[2]此句中不定代词All作主语；“you have to do”是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词all。由于修饰主语的定语从句中含有实义动词do，所以作表语的动词不定式to cross out可省略to。

[3]此处是“连词＋介词短语”结构，可看作是时间状语从句“while he was on a lecturing tour of the United States”的省略形式。while在此意为“在……期间”。

[4]此处为v.­ing短语not recognising him作后置定语，修饰The barber，recognise与The barber之间为逻辑上的主谓关系。

Like Twain，but on the other side of the world，Lin Yutang was soon [5]to become famous for his unique brand of humour .A well­known bilingual writer，Lin brought the concept of humour to modern Chinese literature.In 1924，he creatively borrowed “youmo”

有一次在美国巡回演讲时，马克·吐温走进一家理发店理发和刮脸。理发师没有认出他，问他有没有那场演讲的票。当马克·吐温回答说没有时，理发师告诉他，如果他想去参加那个活动他必须站着，因为剧院里没有剩余的座位了。 马克·吐温回答道：“我总是这样倒霉。当那个家伙开讲座时，我总是站着！”

在世界的另一端，像吐温一样，林语堂很快因其独具一格的幽默而出名。作为一名著名的双语作家，林语堂将幽默的概念引入了中国现代文学。1924年，他创造性地借用古代汉语中的“幽默”一词作为英语单词“humour”的翻译。现在“幽默”一词仍在以这种方式被人们使用。

林语堂的才思敏捷为他成为著名的幽默大师而助力。有一次，他应邀到一所大

在大学里) 开讲座，讲授，讲课

brand of humour某种类型的幽默

brand[brænd]n.[C]类型；品牌，牌子

bilingual[ˌbaɪ'lɪɡwəl]adj.双语的

bilingual dictionaries双语词典

the concept of...……的概念

concept['kɒnsept]n.[C]概念，观念

master n．[C]能手，擅长……者

a master of humour幽默大师

spot[spɒt]n.[C]地点，处所

put sb on the spot(故意提出难以回答或尴尬的问题) 使某人难堪

tourist spots旅游景点

think on one's feet思维敏捷，反应迅速

cruel['kruːəl]adj.残忍的

cruelty['kruːəlti]n.[U](尤指蓄意的) 残酷，残忍，残暴；[C，usually pl.]残暴的行为

feed...to...把……喂给……

whisper['wɪspə]vt. & vi.悄声说，低语n.[C]耳语(声)，低语(声)

hurry away匆匆离去

astonished adj.感到惊讶的

from Ancient Chinese as the translation for the English word “humour”．“Youmo” is still being used in this way today.

[5]此处为动词不定式短语to become...humour作表语，构成“be to do”结构，表示注定要发生的事情。

Lin's quick wit helped make him famous as a master of humour.Once，[6]having been invited to dinner at a university, he was put on the spot when the president suddenly asked him to give a speech.[7]Thinking on his feet ，Lin started to tell a story about a cruelRoman emperor who tried to feed a man to wild animals.[8]First came a lion. The man whispered something in the lion's ear，[9]after which the lion shook its head and walked away unhappily.Then along came a tiger.Again，the man whispered in the tiger's ear.The tiger looked shocked and hurried away.“What did you say to my animals？” said the emperor，astonished.“I told them they had to make a speech after eating me for dinner.” Lin's audience roared with laughter.With this little joke，Lin was able to make people laugh，[10]while gently telling off the president.

[6]此处为v.­ing短语“having been invited...university”作时间状语，表示被邀请吃晚饭的动作发生在被要求做演讲之前。

学参加晚宴，当校长突然要求他做个演讲时，他顿觉尴尬。思维敏捷的林语堂开始讲述一个残忍的罗马皇帝试图将一个人喂给野兽的故事。首先来的是一头狮子。那人在狮子耳边低声说了些什么，然后狮子摇摇头，不高兴地走开了。接着来了一只老虎。那人又在老虎耳边低声说了些什么。老虎看起来很震惊，急忙走开了。“你对我的动物们说了什么？”皇帝惊讶地说。“我告诉它们，把我作为晚餐吃掉后，它们得做个演讲。”林语堂的听众放声大笑。林语堂用这个小笑话让人们开怀大笑，同时也委婉地责怪了那位校长。

马克·吐温和林语堂都明白幽默不仅仅是笑，还是一种生活方式和一种可以用来阐明世界的工具。

林语堂甚至创造了一个等式来解释这