Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Using language-【精讲精练】2023-2024学年高中英语选择性必修第一册外研版（教师用书）

Section Ⅱ　Using language

非限制性定语从句只是对先行词进行补充说明，主从句的关系并不十分密切，如果省略非限制性定语从句，主句的意思仍然完整清楚。非限制性定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。

一、非限制性定语从句的关系词

1．关系代词的选择

◆Mr.Zhang，who came to see me yesterday，is an old friend of my father.

张先生是我父亲的一位老朋友，他昨天来看我了。

◆Peter，whom you met in London，is now back in Paris.

彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。

◆Mr Zhu，whose daughter was admitted to Tsinghua University last year，retired yesterday.

朱老师昨天退休了，他女儿去年被清华大学录取了。

◆Tom studies hard and is ready to help others，which is what his parents expect.

汤姆学习努力且乐于助人，这正是他父母所期望的。

◆More and more people in the world，as we see，have come to realize the significance of pollution control.

正如我们所见，世界上越来越多的人已经意识到控制污染的重要性。

[温馨提示]

(1)非限制性定语从句不能用关系代词that引导。

(2)as引导非限制性定语从句时常用于以下结构：as we all know/as is known to all众所周知；as you can see如你所见；as is expected正如预料的那样；as has been said above如上所述；as is often the case这是常见的情况。

(3)as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别

2.关系副词的选择

◆We will put off the outing until next week，when we won't be so busy.

我们将把郊游推迟到下个星期，那时我们就不会那么忙了。

◆I climbed up to the top of the hill with my friend，where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.

我和朋友一起登上了山顶，在山顶上我们欣赏到了湖光美景。

[温馨提示]

关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句，但可用for which代替why来引导。

◆None of us accepted the reason he explained，for which he was absent.

我们没有一个人接受他所解释的缺席的理由。

[即时演练1]——用适当的关系词填空

(1)(2022·全国乙卷) May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day，which was named officially by the United Nations on November 27th,2019.

(2)(2021·天津卷3月) My editor Toni，who is also a writer，has edited several history books.

(3)(2021·全国甲卷) Southbank，at an eastern bend in the Thames，is the center of British skateboarding，where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.

(4)(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) My life as a tax­paying employed person began in middle school，when，for three whole days，I worked in a baking factory.

(5)Dr.Rowan，whose secretary resigned two weeks ago，has had to do all his own typing.

二、非限制性定语从句需要注意的问题

1．非限制性定语从句常位于句末，但也可位于句中，这时前后都需要用逗号隔开。

◆The children，who wanted to play football，were disappointed when it rained.

那些小孩子都想踢足球，他们因下雨而感到失望。

2．“介词＋关系代词”也可引导非限制性定语从句。

先行词指人时，关系代词用whom，不能用who/that；先行词指物时，关系代词用which，不能用that。

◆A friend is someone who draws out your best qualities，with whom you sparkle and become more knowledgeable.

朋友就是能使你表现出你自己最佳品质的人，与之在一起你就会精神焕发，更有见识。

◆Last night I took part in a party and lost my key，without which I can't open the door of my dormitory.

昨天晚上我参加聚会把钥匙弄丢了，没有钥匙我打不开宿舍的门。

3．“名词/代词/数词＋of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句。

◆Julie was good at German，French and Russian，all of which she spoke fluently.

朱莉擅长德语、法语和俄语，这三门语言她都说得很流利。

◆Her sons，both of whom work abroad，ring her up every week.

她的两个儿子每周都给她打电话，他们俩都在国外工作。

4．“名词＋of＋关系代词”有时可用“of＋关系代词＋名词”或“whose＋名词”替换。

◆The building had been repaired，the roof of which was destroyed again in a big fire.

＝The building had been repaired，of which the roof was destroyed again in a big fire.

＝The building had been repaired，whose roof was destroyed again in a big fire.

那栋楼房曾经被整修过，但在一场大火中，楼顶又被烧毁了。

[即时演练2]——用适当的关系代词填空

(1)(2022·北京卷) That includes cups，bottles，and bags，most of which  are only good for one use.

(2)(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ) A city pass，with which she can visit 12 different attractions，including the Natural History Museum，the Science Museum，the zoo and more.