Unit1 SectionⅡ Learning About Language-【精讲精练】2023-2024学年高中英语选择性必修第四册人教版（教师用书）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language

被动语态

一、基本概念

英语中动词有主动语态和被动语态之分。如果主语是动作或状态的发出者，动词就用主动语态；如果主语是动作或状态的承受者，动词就用被动语态。

二、被动语态的基本结构

被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其变化形式与系动词be的完全一样。下面以do为例列举各种时态的被动语态的形式。

Everyone is expected to obey the following rules.

希望大家遵守以下规定。

All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard.

所有的课程作业将通过“黑板”应用在指定日期前上交。

English lessons are being broadcast on the radio.

收音机上正在播英语课程。

The work will have been finished by the end of next month.

这项工作将在下个月底前完成。

[对点训练1]——用所给动词的适当形式填空

①The tourists  were accompanied　(accompany)  by a guide when they travelled in Beijing.

②He  is envied  (envy)  by many men，because he has a big house，a car and a good family.

③The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts  will be rewarded  (reward)  with success in the end.

④It  was built　(build)  originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).

三、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题

1．否定词not的位置

在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。

He was extremely disappointed to hear that he would not be given a doctor's degree.

听到不会获得博士学位，他沮丧到了极点。

2．“get＋过去分词”也表示被动

We got separated when we entered the big hall.

我们进入大厅时被挤散了。

3．“be＋过去分词”并非都是被动语态

系动词 be，feel，seem，look等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，构成系表结构，表示某种状态。

I'm interested in mathematics.

我对数学感兴趣。

He seems unsatisfied with his work.

他似乎对自己的工作不满意。

4．某些情况用主动语态来表示被动含义

有些动词如read，write，clean，wash，iron，burn，draw，cook，keep，cut，open，blow，peel，sell，act等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，常和副词well，easily，smoothly等连用，且通常用主动结构表示被动含义。

这些动词的主语一般是表示物的词，且这些物往往具有某种内在的特点，这些句子的时态多用一般现在时或一般将来时。

The door doesn't open easily.

门不容易打开。

Bikes of that kind sell well.

那种自行车好卖。

5．动词短语

动词短语在主动结构中是不可分割的，在被动结构中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介词或副词。

The old man was often laughed at.

那位老人经常受人嘲笑。(不可省掉介词at)

[对点训练2]——用所给动词的适当形式填空

①As we all know，this pen  writes　(write)  smoothly.

②I  was taken　(take)  good care of by my uncle when I was young.

[核心词汇]

1．on a．..basis 根据；以……的方式(基准)

[经典佳句]

Visit your father on a regular basis.

定期去看望你的父亲。

[归纳拓展]

(1)on the basis of sth 在某事的基础上；根据某事

(2)base n．基础；底部，底座；基地；总部 v．把基地设于……；以……为基础(常用被动语态)

be based on/upon... 以……为基础；以……为根据

(3)basic adj.基础的；基本的；根本的

We do not try to fine­tune the economy on the basis of short­term predictions.

我们不会根据短期的预测就试图对经济进行微调。

Although it is a fiction，it is based on the fact.

虽然它是一部小说，但它是以事实为基础的。

I really need to get some basic financial advice.

我非常需要获得一些基础的理财方面的建议。

[即时训练]——单句语法填空

①Their marketing strategy  is based  (base) on a study of consumer spending.

②I attended a course on  basic  (base) computer skills.

③The film is based  on/upon  a novel by D. H. Lawrence.

翻译句子

④我们的政策应建立在自力更生(self­reliance)的基础上。