Unit 3 Section 3 Grammar—动词不定式作定语和结果状语-【赢在微点】轻松课堂2023-2024学年新教材高中英语必修第二册（外研版）

Section 3　Grammar—动词不定式作定语和结果状语 语法图解 观察句子 1.It is beautiful enough to attract billions of visitors every year. 2.We need someone to help with the work. 3.I have many letters to write. 4.She hurried to the hall, only to find that they had gone. 5.Have you got a key to unlock this door? 6.The Californian ship arrived too late to save more people. 7.He studied hard enough to pass the exam. 8.The building to be built will serve as an office building for the company. 我的领悟 1.动词不定式在句中可置于名词或代词之后作后置定语,如句2、句3、句5、句8;动词不定式在句中也可作结果状语,如句1、句4、句6、句7。 2.动词不定式的被动语态形式为to be done, 如句8。  一、动词不定式作定语 动词不定式在句中可作定语,修饰名词或代词, 一般放在它所修饰的词之后。 1.不定式和被修饰词为动宾关系或主谓关系 被修饰的词语与作定语的不定式之间可能是逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。 他有很多问题要处理。 (在该句中不定式to deal with作problems的定语, problems是to deal with逻辑上的宾语,不定式和它所修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。) 一座发电厂将于明年建起来。 (该句中factory是不定式to produce electricity 的逻辑主语,不定式和它所修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。) (1)名词或代词(地点、工具等)+不定式+介词/名词或代词+不定式(to+不及物动词)+介词 如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后需要加相应的介词。 ①I need a pen to write with.我需要一支钢笔写字。 微点　如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way等,不定式后的介词习惯上可以省去。 ②It took us ages to find a place to live (in).我们花了好长时间才找到一个住处。 (2)the only/the first/the best等序数词/形容词最高级 (+名词)+不定式 在该结构中,不定式所修饰的是序数词,或是形容词最高级所修饰的名词或这个名词被省略时,名词和不定式之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。 ①Jack was the best man to do the job.杰克是做这项工作的最佳人选。 ②He is always the first to arrive at school and the last to leave school.他总是第一个到校,最后一个离校。 (3)something/anything/nothing (+形容词)+不定式 不定代词something/anything/nothing既有形容词又有不定式修饰时, 形容词置于不定式之前。 I have something important to do.我有点重要的事要做。 (4)抽象名词(ability等)+不定式(to do) 被修饰词是抽象名词时,常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有:ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等。 ①She has a great wish to travel around the world.她有一个周游世界的强烈愿望。 ②I did not have the patience to wait any longer.我再也没有耐心等下去了。 2.不定式的被动语态 (to be done) (1)名词/代词+不定式的被动语态(to be done) 当不定式与其逻辑主语是逻辑上的被动关系,且表将要发生的动作时,应用to be done 形式作后置定语 All members are expected to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.所有成员应参加明天要举行的会议。 (2)不定式作定语时,有时用主动语态表被动含义。 当不定式修饰have, w