状语从句知识梳理讲义-2024届高三英语一轮复习

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状语从句

一、基本概念

状语从句是一种副词性从句,通常由一个从属连词或一个起连词作用的词组引导,

包括时间状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句,让步状语从句,结果状语从句,

目的状语从句,地点状语从句,方式状语从句和比较状语从句。

 

1.时间状语从句

 

引导时间状语从句的连词有 when, while, as, before , after, since,until, as soon as , the moment, instantly, once 等。

  1. when,while 和as的用法

1)when既可以引导一个持续动作,也可以引导一个短暂性的动作,可用于主句和从句动作同时发生,或从句动作先于主句发生。

When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.

我住在那里时候,星期天常到海边去。

2)  while 引导的动作必须是持续性的,侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。

 Please don’t talk so loud while others are working. 别人工作时,别高声谈话。

3)  as引导持续性动作,多用于主句和从句动作同时发生。可以翻译成“一边...一边”;“随着”

John sings as he works.约翰一边工作,一边唱歌

As time went by, he made great progress. 随着时间的流逝,他取得了很大的进步。

注意:when 可以译为“正在这时”,用于一些固定搭配:

be doing......when...... / be about to do......when......

be on the point of doing..... when ...... / had just done......when......

Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.

汤姆正准备关窗户,这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。

  1. as soon as, the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately,directly,instantly,  no sooner...than...,hardly/scarcely ...when..,这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就发生,常译为“一......就……”,从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。

The moment/As soon as she arrives, we can start.

她一到,我们就可以开始。

No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.我们一到车站火车就出发了

The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.男孩一看到他的母亲就哭了。

  1. till, until和not... until的用法

1) 在肯定句中,主句谓语动词必须是延续性v,意为“某动作一直延续到某点才停止”。

 You may stay here till/ until the rain stops.你得在这里待到雨停

2)  在否定句中,主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词,从句为肯定式,意为“某动作直page number 0

 

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到某时间才开始”。

He won't go to bed till/until she returns.直到她回来他才睡。(not..until...)

3)  not... until句型中的强调和倒装说法。

 It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.(强调句型)

 Not until you told me did I have any idea of it (not until置于句首,主句要部分倒装)

直到你告诉我,我才知道这个消息。

4、before和 Since的用法

1) 连词 before表示”...之前”;“还未………就……”; “趁.....还没……”; “......才......”

 Before they reached the station,the train had gone.

他们(还没)到达火车站前,火车已经开走了。

 We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired. 我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了

 Please write it down before you forget it. 趁你现在没忘把它记下来。

2)  before的句型:  

It will be+时间段+ before...,表示“多久之后才/就....”

It won’t be long before ....,  不久之后就....

It was +时间段+ before...., 过了多久才....

 It was half a year before I came back. 半年后我才回来。

 It won’t be long before we meet again. 不久后我们将再见面。

3)  Since 的句型: It is /has been+时间段+since从句, 表示“自从....”若从句谓语为非延续性动词,表“自从有...多久”; 一般since从句用一般过去式,主句用现在完成时。

It is/has been three years since the war broke out. 战争爆发以来,有三年了。

I haven’t seen him since he left the village in 1982.

5. every time,each time,next time,the first time,any time,all the time的用法

这些短语用来引导时间状语从句,表示“每当…”“每次…”“下次”

 Every time I meet her, I always forget her name.每次我见到她时,我总忘了她的名字。

 Next time you come,do remember to bring your son here.

下次你来时,记住把你的儿子带来。

You are welcome to come back any time you want to.你想回来随时可以回来。

The first time I met her, I fell in love with her.第一次见到她,我就爱上了她。

 

2.原因状语从句

引导原因状语从句的从属连词常有because, as, since, now that, in that,seeing that, considering that 等。

  1. because常用来回答why的提问,表示必然的因果关系,语气最强,一般放在主句之后。

He failed in the exam because he didn’t work hard.  因为学习不努力,他考试不及格。

2. as意为“由于”,表示显而易见的的原因,常置于句首。

As he was in a hurry, he left his bag home.     由于太匆忙,他把包落在家里了。

3. since侧重主句,从句表示显然的或已为人知的理由,意为“既然”;语气比because稍弱,常置于句首。page number 1

 

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Since everyone makes mistakes, you shouldn’t always criticize him.

 既然每个人都会犯错误,你不应该老是批评他。

  1. now that,considering that, seeing that 和since 意义相似,都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思,that 可以省略。

Now (that) we know each other a little better, we can get along well.

由于彼此之间有了更好的理解,我们能够相处的不错。

5. in that的用法。使用频率较低,一般翻译为“既然;因为”。

 I'm lucky in that I have 4 sisters.  我非常幸运,因为我有四个妹妹。

6. 特别说明:for表示原因时是一个并列连词,连接并列句,它表示的原因一般起附加说明作用,它总是位于两个句子之间,起连接作用,而且前面常用逗号与前一分句隔开。

We should be more careful, for it is already dark. 天已晚了,我们应更小心些。

 

3.条件状语从句

 

条件状语从句的常见引导词: if 如果, unless(=if...not)除非,  as/so long as只要,

 in case(that)以防,万一, once一旦, on condition that条件是, 

providing/provided(that)如果,假设,  supposing (that)如果,假设, 

given(that)鉴于,assuming(that) 如果,假设, only if 只有 ,if only 要是...多好                                                                      1.You will fail the exam unless you study hard.(=if you don’t study hard.)

你会考试不及格除非你努力学习。

2.One’s life has value as long as one brings value to the life of others.

一个人的生命是有价值的只要他带给别人价值。

3. Assuming/Providing/Provided (that) the weather is ok, we will make the trip next week. 假设天气好,下周我们将去旅行。                                                                    

4.Given (that)she is a child, we had better not blame her.  

 考虑到她是个小孩,我们最好别责备她。

5. You had better take an umbrella in case it rains. 你最好带把伞以防下雨。

6. Supposing (that) he does not come, shall we go without him?  

  假设他不来,我们可以不等他就走吗?   

7. If it is convenient, may I pay you a visit at your office next Tuesday to give you mire details?    如果方便的话,下星期二我可以去你的办公室告知你更多的细节吗?

8.You can use my car on condition that you return it next Monday.

你可以用我的车条件是下周一还回来。

注:page number 2

 

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