2023年中考英语语法专题10：句子种类

                     语法专题：句子种类

【考点点拨】

 

【考点1】 五种基本句型

基本句型	说明	例子
主+谓	谓语动词通常是不及物动词	She always smiles. Mike works in a library.
主+系+表	谓语动词通常是连系动词	He is a doctor. Tom feels sad.
主+谓+宾	谓语动词通常是及物动词,后带宾语	We likes cartoons. I had a cold
主+谓+间宾+直宾	谓语动词叫作“双宾语及物动词”	My mother bought me a pen. He shows us a new movie.
主+谓+宾+宾补	谓语动词叫作“复杂宾语及物动词”	They call him Mike. We must keep our classroom clean and tidy

 

【考题链接】

(        )1.—“Judie, can you tell me         you like butterflies?” asked her dad.

—Judie replied, “To, me, butterflies mean beauty and freedom!”

1. why    B. which    C. what    D. when

 

【考点2】感叹句

感叹句表示说话人的喜悦、气愤、惊讶等强烈的情绪。

感叹句一般是由what或how开头。

what用来强调名词；how则强调形容词、副词或动词。

 

1.感叹句的基本句型

(1)What(+a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!

         clever boy he is!他是个多么聪明的男孩啊!

          cold weather it is!多冷的天气啊!

          beautiful flowers they are!(它们是)多么漂亮的花啊!

 

在感叹句中,what a/an常用来修饰单数可数名词

若该名词前面的形容词为元音音素开头,则用what an

what是用来修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词

但有些不可数名词(rain,surprise,lunch等)前面有形容词修饰,从而使抽象名词具体化时,则要用what a/an

 

(2)How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!

          kind you are!你心肠真好!

         fast they are working!他们的工作速度真快啊!

 

how还可以修饰动词构成感叹句,由“How+主语+谓语!”构成。如:

         time flies!光阴似箭!(how 修饰动词)

 

2.选用what和how的高效方法

判断感叹句的引导词是what还是how,先把主谓和其他部分去掉,如果最后一个词是名词用what,是形容词或副词用how。若没有主谓,则看句末一词来定。句末一词是名词用what,是形容词或副词用how。如:

What a smart man he is! (主谓是he is,把它们去掉,最后一词是man,名词,故用what)他是多么聪明的人啊!

How excellent he is!(主谓是he is,把它们去掉,最后一词是excellent,形容词,故用how)他多么优秀啊!

What exciting news! (本句没有主谓,最后一词是news,名词,故用what)多么令人兴奋的消息啊!

【考题链接】

(          )1.—Our class won the first prize in today’s basketball match.

—_________exciting news it is! We’re all glad about it. 

A.What      B.What an    C.How     D.How an

(          )2.—He has made many friends since he came here three weeks ago.

—_________outgoing boy he is! 

A.How a        B.How      C.What a     D.What an

(          )3.—_________useful advice on English learning Mr.Li gave us! 

—I agree. I think we have improved our English with his help.

A.What    B.What a     C.How    D.How a

(          )4.—_________fast China is developing! 

—Yes, we are so lucky to live in such a great country!

A.What    B.What a     C.How    D.How a

【写作句式升格训练】

把下列句子升格为感叹句。

1.The boy swam very fast.

                                                                                             .

2.The school trip is very exciting.

                                                                                             .                                                          3.The river looks very beautiful in winter.

                                                                                             .                                                                                      4.It is a very useful dictionary.

                                dictionary it is! 

                                dictionary is! 

5.The students are listening very carefully.

                                                                                                                         .

【考点3】特殊疑问句

特殊疑问句是用疑问词引导的疑问句。它不用yes或no来回答,而应该根据实际情况用较为完整的句子作答。

常用的特殊疑问词有:who,whom,whose,which,what,when,where,why,how以及how引出的词组how many,how long,how often,how soon,how far等。

(1)_______________  用于询问数量，针对可数名词复数形式提问，意为“多少

(2)_______________  用于询问“时间多长，多久”。一般针对过去时、将来时或完成时提问

(3) _______________  用于询问“时间的频率”，意为“多久一次”。

(4) _______________  意为“多久”，强调未来还需要多长时间，针对将来时提问。

(5) _______________  用于询问距离，意为“多远

如:

_______________ brothers and sisters do you have? 你有多少个兄弟姐妹呢?

_______________ is this ruler? 这把尺子有多长?

_______________ did you stay in Hong Kong last time? 你上次在香港待了多久?

_______________ do you water the flowers? 你多久浇一次花?

_______________ will you arrive? 你多久可以到达?

_______________  is it from here to the bus stop? 从这到车站有多远?

【考题链接】

(          )1.—Dad,________can we reach Huangguoshu Waterfall?  —In about an hour.