内容正文:
英语 必修·第二册[WY]
Period Ⅱ Using language—Grammar & Vocabulary
Grammar(现在分词作状语)
[观察句子,总结规律]
①Seeing the main characters come on stage, I was surprised!
②Using such techniques, the opera had transformed a small stage into the whole universe.
③Having seen quite a few productions of Hamlet and read the play many times, I was full of confidence—until the Peking Opera came to town!
④I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.
⑤Though raining heavily, it cleared up soon.
⑥Being more careful, you will make fewer mistakes.
[我的发现]
(1)句①~⑥中现在分词的逻辑主语都是句子的________。
(2)句①中黑体部分作________状语;句②中黑体部分作________状语;句③中黑体部分作________状语。
(3)句④中黑体部分作________状语;句⑤中黑体部分作________状语;句⑥中黑体部分作________状语。
(4)句①②⑥中现在分词短语为一般式,表示动作与谓语动词所表示动作________;句③中现在分词短语为完成式,表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示动作________;句④中现在分词短语为否定式,not放在现在分词短语________。
答案:(1)主语 (2)时间 方式 原因 (3)伴随 让步 条件 (4)同时发生 之前 之前
一、现在分词作状语的用法
现在分词(短语)在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随状况。
1.作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句)
Walking in the park, she saw an old friend.
=When/While (she was) walking in the park, she saw an old friend.
当她在公园里散步时,看到了一位老朋友。
当表示正在进行的动作时,可直接在分词前面加上when/while,此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。
2.作原因状语(一般可转换成由as或because引导的原因状语从句)
Being ill, he couldn't go to school.
=As he was ill, he couldn't go to school.
因为生病了,他无法去上学。
3.作条件状语(一般放在句首,可转换为由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句)
Working hard, you'll make great progress.
=If you work hard, you'll make great progress.
如果你努力工作,将取得很大进步。
4.作结果状语
现在分词作结果状语时,通常放在句末,中间用逗号隔开,表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。
The plate dropped from her hands, breaking into pieces.
盘子从她手中掉了下来,摔成了碎片。
现在分词作结果状语,是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果,其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况,有时前面可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果,有时前面可以加only。
He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch cold.
他淋雨了,因此感冒了。
I hurried to school, only to find it was Sunday.
我匆忙赶到学校,结果发现是星期天。
5.作让步、方式和伴随状语
现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时,说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时,表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生,此时它可转换成并列句。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book.
=Mary sat by the window of the classroom and read a book.
玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。
为强调现在分词表达的意义,可在其前加上各种连词。例如,加