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读后续写入门篇之快速构思
读后续写要求考生依据原文材料的内容、所给段落开头语进行续写,将其发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接,情节架构自然,而且结构完整的短文。要续写前文,考生需要知道如何续写故事。一个完整的故事需要具备时间、地点、人物、情节、细节等要素,即何人在何时何地发生了何事,事件是如何展开的,在展开故事时带有何种情感,而把故事串连起来的还需要有一条线索。
故事线索通常有两种:一种是关于人的故事;另一种是间接涉及人的寓言故事。考生在续写故事时应注意以下事项:
(1)明确故事的主题,即你的故事是基于原文的主题;
(2)把故事说“小”。续写故事最忌讳把话说得很“大”,大话一出口就很难和具体人物情节直接挂钩,不知不觉就发展成为评论,也得不到高分。
(3)故事角度要新,即从常人忽视的角度去构思故事、叙述故事,让故事出乎意料,又在情理之中。
(4)合理的故事情节。合理的故事情节有两个方面的要求:一是人物性格、情节在故事前后保持一致,不能有矛盾。二是故事情节不能违背生活逻辑、情感逻辑、思维习惯等。
(5)善于营造悬念。营造悬念就是在故事开始或结尾的时候提出一些悬而未决的问题,以调动读者读故事的兴趣。
总之,续写故事要时刻关注故事的四要素:时间、地点、人物、情节。即时间、地点要具体,人物要有冲突,情节要有悬念,叙述要有画面感。那么,作为基础阶段的学生应当如何续写故事呢?我们可以从“依据首句,‘六所’写篇”来入手。
续写的两个段首语是很重要的续写提示,它们控制着情节发展的主方向,在续写段落时可仔细研读段首情节,合理推理段落情节。在推理情节的过程中,要把握故事情节的发展脉络:开端、发展、高潮、结局。然后协同关键词,用“何人何时何地做了何事”的记叙性写作方式来表达脉络情节。即他人当时所见(what to see),所听(what to hear),所说(what to say),所想(what to think),所做(what to do),所感(what to feel),当然有时为了故事或语篇的连贯性和简洁化,也可选部分要素来写。这种依据所给首句的“六所”表达方式让学生有话可写,有情可推。
【典例】 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A funny thing happened to Arthur when he was on the way to work one day.As he walked along Park Avenue near the First National Bank, he heard the sound of someone trying to start a car.He tried again and again but couldn't get the car moving.Arthur turned and looked inside at the face of a young man who looked worried.Arthur stopped and asked, “It looks like you've got a problem,” Arthur said.
“I'm afraid so.I'm in a big hurry and I can't start my car.”
“Is there something I can do to help?” Arthur asked.The young man looked at the two suitcases in the back seat and then said, “Thanks.If you're sure it wouldn't be too much trouble, you could help me get these suitcases into a taxi.”
“No trouble at all.I'd be glad to help.”
The young man got out and took one of the suitcases from the back seat.After placing it on the ground, he turned to get the other one.Just as Arthur picked up the first suitcase and started walking, he heard the long loud noise of an alarm.
It was from the bank.There had been a robbery(抢劫)!
Park Avenue had been quie