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Part ll Grammar-Past Perfect
知识总览自主领悟
●
语法图解
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即
“过去的过去"(past-in-the-past)
那时以前
那时
现在
past-in-the-past
past
now
川语法感知
感知以下课文原句,完成方框下的小题
1.I knew I had chosen a job with a lot of stress but I love what I
do.
2.I remember Graham was very difficult before he came into my
class.I had heard stories about his bad behaviour.
3.Before Mr Jenkins taught me,science had simply been a subject
full of strange words to me.
过去完成时可以根据时间状语来判断(如句2,句3):也可以根据
过去的过去来判断(如句1)。
·语法归纳要义详析·
一、构成方法
由“had+动词的过去分词"构成。
二、用法说明
1.表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作,即“过去的过
去”。
By nine o'clock last night,we had got 200 pictures from the
spaceship..到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。
When they arrived,the enemy had abandoned the town and run
away.他们到达时,敌人已经放弃了那个镇子,逃走了。
2.过去完成时是一种相对时态,一定要有一个作参照的过去时间或过去动
作作比较,否则,就不能用过去完成时。但下列三种情况虽然有先后发生的两个
过去的动作,却用一般过去时:
(I)先后发生的一系列动作,但并不强调先后时,最后两个动词用then,and,
but等连接,用一般过去时。
He entered the room,turned on the light and read an evening
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paper.
他走进房间,打开灯,读了一份晚报。
(2)两个动作是紧接着发生的,可用一般过去时。
When I heard the news,I was very excited.
我听到那个消息时,非常兴奋。
(3)叙述历史事实或“i+过去的年份”,用一般过去时。
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
们的老师告诉我们哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。
3.表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态。与现
在完成时一样,也常与so long,for three days等表示一段时间的状语连用。
When Jack arrived,he learned Mary had been away for almost an
hour.当杰克到达时,他扌得知玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时了。
4.表示未曾实现的愿望或打算。表示希望或打算的动词,如hope,want,
expect,think,suppose,plan,mean,intend等的过去完成时,后接不定式
todo时,表示未曾实现的愿望或打算,即“本来希望或打算做某事(但却没做)”。
We had hoped that you would come,but you didn't.我们原本希望你
能来,但你没有来。
5.用于持殊句式中:
hardly/scarcely...when....no sooner...than...,It/That/This was the
first,/second/.time(that).等。
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他。
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
他刚到就又走了。
It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.
那是他那一年第三次失业了。
三、过去完成时的判断
1.根据时间状语来判定
一般说来,各种时态都