Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures（Word教师用书）-【状元桥·优质课堂】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语必修第一册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures

(见学生用书P98)

关系代词引导的定语从句

1．(教材P50)Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that/which even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.

2．(教材P50)The number of people who/that were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.

3．(教材P50)Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.

4．(教材P50)Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.

5．The man (whom/who/that) I have to phone lives in Canada.

[自我感知]

(1)关系代词who指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，如句  2  、句  3  和句  5  。

(2)关系代词whom指人，在定语从句中作  宾  语，在口语和非正式文体中可用who或that替换，如句5。

(3)关系代词which指  物  ，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，如句1。

(4)关系代词that既可以指人也可以指  物  ，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，如句1、句2和句5。

(5)关系代词whose既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作  定  语，如句4。

一、定语从句的概述

►This is the museum that I visited two years ago.这就是我两年前参观过的那个博物馆。(that I visited two years ago是定语从句，修饰museum)

►The lady who lives next door is a famous dancer.

住在隔壁的那位女士是一位著名的舞蹈家。(who lives next door是定语从句，修饰lady)

二、关系代词在限制性定语从句中的基本用法

1．引导定语从句的关系代词常用的有：that, which, who, whom和whose。

2.先行词指人且在从句中作主语，应用who或that引导，且不能省略。

►I don't like the man who/that doesn't keep his word.我不喜欢不遵守诺言的那种人。(先行词man指人，who或that在从句中作主语)

3．先行词指物且在从句中作主语，应用that或which引导，且不能省略。

►English is a language that/which is easy to learn.英语是一门容易学的语言。

(先行词language指物，that/which在从句中作主语)

4．先行词指物且在从句中作宾语，应用that或which引导，that和which可以省略。

►The coat (that/which) I put on the desk is blue.

我放在桌子上的那件大衣是蓝色的。(先行词coat指物，that/which在从句中

作put on的宾语，且可省略)

5．先行词指人且在从句中作宾语，应用who, whom或that引导，who, whom和that可以省略。

►This is the girl (who/whom/that) we talked about just now.这就是我们刚刚谈论过的那个女孩。(先行词girl指人，who, whom, that在从句中作talked about的宾语，且可省略)

6．先行词指人或者物且在从句中作定语，应用whose引导。whose还可以用of which/whom替换。

►I know a friend whose brother is a pop singer.我认识一个朋友，他的哥哥是一位流行歌手。(先行词friend指人，whose在从句中作定语)

►These children sit in a room whose windows are all broken.孩子们坐在一间窗户都坏了的房间里。(先行词指物，whose在从句中作定语)

[助记]——口诀记忆关系代词

前看先行人或物，后看从句缺宾主

物作先行that/which，人作先行that/who(m)

whose通常作定语，人、物两者都兼顾

[即时训练1]——用正确的关系代词填空

(1)I'd really like to find a friend   who/whom/that   I can trust completely.

(2)He is the man   who/that   is  teaching us English.

(3)Michael bought a new dictionary   that/which   can help him learn English easily.

(4)I still keep the letter   that/which   she wrote to me.

(5)The young men   who/whom/that   I work with are all friendly.

(6)The man is the professor   whose   grammar course I am taking.

三、关系代词在限制性定语从句中的特殊用法

1．只用that的情况