2024届高考英语考点复习之定语从句讲义

2024届高考英语考点复习之定语从句讲义 一、定语从句的构成基本形式及基本用法 (1)定语在句中是用来修饰名词或代词的，一般由形容词或 与之相当的其它词类来充当。如果起修饰作用的是一个句子的时 候，就叫作定语从句。但定语从句不是象形容词那样放于名词前， 而是放在名词之后。它所修饰的名词又被叫作先行词。 (2)定语从句的引导词有关系代词：that,which,who, whom,whose和关系副词when,where,why, how L.that的先行词可以是人也可以是物。 A plane is a machine that can fly.飞机是一种会飞的 机器。 I like the book(that)you lent me yesterday.我喜 欢你昨天借给我的那本书。 2.which的先行词只能是物。 The book shop is a shop which sells book.书店是销 售书的商店。 The book (which)I read last night was wonderful. 我昨晚看的那本书很精彩。 3.who在定语从句中作主语；whom是who的宾格，在定 语从句中作宾语；而whose则是形容词性物主代词，在从句中作 定语。 The man who visited our school yesterday is an American friend 昨天参观我们学校的人是一位美国朋友。 Who's that woman (whom)you just talked to? 你刚才与之谈话的那个女人是谁？ This is our classmate,Mary,whose home is not far from our school. 这是我们的同学玛丽，她的家离我们学校不远。 4.关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时， 可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑 也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于 定语从句的后面，如： That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.那是我们曾经住了十年的房子。 That was the room which we had lived in for ten years. (3)除关系代词外，还有关系副词when,where,why等也能 引导定语从句。 1.when用来指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I never forget the day when I first came to the Great Wall 我永远也不会忘记我第一次到达长城的那天。 2.where则指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 This is the house where the old man lives..这就是那 位老人住的房子。 3.why用来指原因，作原因状语。 That's the reason why he didn't come yesterday. 就是他昨天为什么没有来的原因。 2、若先行词是物且从句中的主语或是宾语没有名词，则要 考虑用which. 二、用关系代词who,which或whose完成下面的句子 1.This is the bank was robbed yesterday. 2.A boy sister is in my class was in the bank at that time. 3.The man robbed the bank had two pistols. 4.He wore a mask made him look like Mickey Mouse. 5.He came with a friend waited outside in the car. 6.The woman gave him the money was young.7. The bag contained the money was yellow. 8.The people were in the bank were very frightened. 9.A man mobile was ringing did not know what to do. 10.A woman daughter was crying tried to calm her. 11.The car the bank robbers escaped in was orange. 12.The robbermask was obviously too big didn't drive. 13.The man drove the car was nervou