内容正文:
2024届高中英语基础语法学习:宾语从句复习讲义
一、定义
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
二、连接词
that:I think that you can pass the exam.
Whether/if:I don't know what the word means.
“What”:Idon't know what the word means..
I don't know where he found the book.
只用whether的情况:
1.与or not连用:
I don't know whether it's raining or not
2.与动词不定式连用:
He doesn't know whether to accept the invitation.
3.连接词前有介词时:
It depends on whether he is coming.
三、时态
1.主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可)
She wants to know what he has done for the exam.
2.主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。
She said that she was a student.
She said that she would fly to Japan in a week
She said that she had finished her homework already.
3.如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从
句要用一般现在时态。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
考语序
在宾语从句中,引导词后一律用陈述句的语序。例如:
I don t know where he works.我不知道他在哪儿工作。
Could you tell me what she wants?你能告诉我她要什么吗?
需要注意的是:宾语从句的引导词有时是由特殊疑问词转化而来的,
那么从句后用逗号还是句号,完全起决于主句的向式:若主句为陈述
句、祈使句,句末就用句号;若主句为疑问句,句末就用问号。例如
Do you know when he will come?你知道他什么时候会来吗?
I don t know what his name is.我不知道他叫什么名字。
考引导词的使用
1.如果宾语从句为陈述句,则用that引导宾语从句。That本身并无
实际意义,也不作任何成分,因此常常省略。例如:
I think(that)he had made a mistake.我认为他犯了一个错误。
2.如果宾语从句为一般疑问句,就用if或whether引导,此时,宾
语从句用陈述语序。例如:
She asked if(whether)I could help her.她问我是否能帮助她。
注意:a.当提出两种选择时,whether用得较多,而if很少用。例如
Idon't know whether he is coming or not.我不知道他是否会
来。
b.作介词宾语时,用whether而不用if。例如
I am interested in whether she'11 go abroad.我对她是否出国
感兴趣。
c.whether引导的宾语从句可转移到主句前,if则不能。例如:
Whether this is true or not,I cannot say.这件事是否真实,
我说不上。
3.如果宾语从句为特殊疑问句,则用连接代词who,what,which和
连接副词when,where,how,why等引导。例如:
Could you tell me which class you are in?你能告诉我你在哪
个班吗?三、考时态呼应
1.当主句的谓语动词用一般现在时,从句的谓语动词可用各种所需的
时态。例如:
I think that she'11 be back in a week.我想她一周后会回来。
Idon't know whom they are waiting for.我不知道他们正在等
谁。
2.主句的谓语动词用一般过去时,从句的谓语动词需要用过去的相应
时态,即:一般过去时,过去将来时,过去进行时或过去完成时。例
如:
I knew what her name was.
我知道她叫什么名字。
She asked me if I had been to Beijing.
她问我是否到过北京。
特别需要注意的是:
)主句的谓语动词用一般将来时,从句的谓语动词可用各种所需的时
态。例如:
He will tell you that he has ju