课时作业31 Face values-（课时作业）【红对勾讲与练】2024版新高考英语大一轮复习全新方案（外研版）

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8: 　 选择性必修第三册 课时作业 31　 Face values Ⅰ. 阅读理解 " (2022·湖南长沙高三入学检测) Have you ever heard someone say, “ You totally look like you􀆳re a Jessica” or something similar? People seem to think that they know what kind of person a “ Jessica” or a “Michael” looks like. Why is this? According to a study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, humans tend to associate people􀆳s names with their appearance, and can even guess someone􀆳s name based on how they look. Researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, collected thousands of photos of people􀆳s faces. They labeled each photo with four names. Then, they asked volunteers to guess which of the four names was correct. The volunteers were able to guess the right name 38 percent of the time. It seems that certain characteristics of faces give them clues about someone􀆳s name, Reader􀆳s Digest reported. However, this only worked when the volunteers looked at names from their own culture. In addition, the volunteers were not as good at guessing the real names of people who used nicknames more often than their real names. This may show that a person􀆳s appearance is affected by their name only if they use it often. This kind of face-name matching happens “ because of a process of self-fulfilling prophecy (自我 实 现 预 言), as we become what other people expect us to become” . Ruth Mayo from the university told science news website EurekAlert. Earlier studies have shown that gender and race stereotypes(刻板印象) can affect a person􀆳s appearance. The researchers belie