Unit 5 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas & Presenting ideas-【精讲精练】2023-2024学年高中英语选择性必修第一册外研版（课时作业）

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

Edward O．Wilson，known as “ant man”，was born on June 10,1929，in Birmingham，Alabama.His parents divorced when he was young，and he was moved frequently throughout his childhood.Wilson grew up exploring the forests and wildlife.One of these adventures left him partly blind，but they also set off his lifelong fascination with ants and their social structure.

Wilson earned his bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of Alabama.In 1955，he received his Ph.D.from Harvard University and worked there until retirement.

Wilson's early study of ants led to his first major discovery in 1959：how ants communicate through the release of chemical signals.

Later，in 1990，Wilson and German biologist Bert Holldobler published their Pulitzer­winning The Ants.It detailed the insects' social structure that was both valued by scholars and accessible to general readers.

Another of Wilson's major works started in the early 1960s when he teamed up with Robert MacArthur.The pair published The Theory of Island Biogeography，where they sought to explain why different places have different numbers of species.

What many consider to be Wilson's most important contributions to evolutionary biology came in 1975 when he published Sociobiology：The New Synthesis.The work explored the genetic roots of animal behavior and argued that genes shaped human behavior.

Wilson faced accusations for these ideas but his work finally largely proved true.In 1978，his ideas on the role biology plays in human culture peaked in On Human Nature，which won him a Pulitzer Prize in 1979.

Wilson published more than 400 scientific papers and 20 books.These accomplishments offered him a type of superstar status，but friends and colleagues say the polite southerner remained down to earth.“Professor Wilson really listened and engaged with whomever he was interacting with，” said Corrie S．Moreau，who was one of Wilson's final advisers.

[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了“蚁人”爱德华·威尔逊的成长经历及其伟大成就。

1．What contributed to Wilson's passion for ants?

A．His accidental disability.

B．The discovery he made about ants.

C．The school education he received.

D．His boyhood time spent in nature.

解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Wilson grew up exploring the forests and wildlife.”并结合下文内容可知，威尔逊在探索森林和野生动物中长大，对蚂蚁格外感兴趣。

2．What is Wilson's first Pulitzer­winning book about?

A．The social structure of ants.

B．The distribution of different species.

C．The links between biology and human culture.

D．The role of chemical signals in communication.

解析：选C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“In 1978...a Pulitzer Prize in 1979.”可知，爱德华·威尔逊在《论人性》一书中阐述了生物学在人类文化中的作用，并在1979年首次获得了普利策奖。

3．According to the last paragraph，which word best describes Wilson?

A．Productive.  B．Humble.

C．Open­minded.  D．Independent.

解析：选B　推理判断题。根据尾段中的“the polite southerner remained down to earth...he was interacting with”可知，爱德华·威尔逊是一个谦逊有礼的人。

4．What is the best title of this passage?

A．The Pioneering “Ant Man”

B．Discoveries in Evolutionary Biology

C．A Leading Figure in Popular Science

D．The Adventure of a Pulitzer Prize Winner

解析：选A　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第一段第一句可知，文章主要讲述了“蚁人” 爱德华·威尔逊的成长经历及其伟大成就，因此A项最适合作本文标题。

B

Plants don't have ears or a central nervous system，but new research out of the University of Missouri has demonstrated that they might still have the ability to“hear”．More specifically，plants have been shown to exhibit an immune response(免疫反应) to the mere sound of a hungry insect.

For the study，researchers played the sound of a caterpillar chewing to a group of plants，which caused slight vibrations(振动) on the plants' leaves.The plants were able to recognize these vibration patterns as danger，and responded by mounting the appropriate immune response.In other words，it appears that plants can“hear”themselves being chewed on.

Researchers assume that plants achieve this remarkable ability thanks to proteins that respond to pressure found within their cell membranes.Vibrations cause pressure changes within the cell，

which can change the behavior of the proteins; however，additional study will be required to confirm or deny this theory.

Once researchers identify the exact mechanisms at play in this process，it could lead to advances in crop protection.Farmers could potentially learn to use sound to cause a plant's natural chemical defenses against insect threats，rather than turning to poisonous chemicals.

“We can imagine applications of this where plants could be treated with sound or genetically engineered to respond to certain sounds that would be useful for agriculture，”said study author Heidi Appel.

The study adds to the growing list of ways that plants have been shown to sense their environments.They are not the boring organisms that many people assume they are.For instance，some plants are able to communicate with each other and signal upcoming danger to their neighbors by releasing chemicals into the air.Plants can respond to light(think about sunflowers) and temperature.Some can even respond to touch，such as the Venus flytrap (捕蝇草)，which snaps shut when an insect stimulates its hairs.

[语篇解读]　密苏里大学的一项新研究表明，植物可能有“听”的能力，对饥饿昆虫的声音有免疫反应，这项发现可以应用于农业以保护庄稼。

5．Why did researchers carry out the study?

A．To find out if plants can react to sounds.

B．To learn how plants recognize dangers.

C．To discover if plants can shake their leaves.

D．To see how plants improve immune systems.

解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“More specifically plants have been shown to exhibit an immune response to the mere sound of a hungry insect.”可知，植物已经被证明对饥饿昆虫的声音有免疫反应；再由第二段研究过程可知，在这项研究中，研究人员向一组植物播放毛虫咀嚼的声音，而这会引起植物叶子的轻微振动。这些植物能够将这些振动模式识别为危险，并通过建立适当的免疫反应作出反应。由此可知，这项研究的目的是查明植物对声音是否有反应，故选A项。

6．What's the potential use of researchers' discovery?

A．To remove insects.

B．To protect crops.

C．To treat plant diseases.

D．To produce chemicals.

解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Farmers could potentially learn to use sound