Unit 5 Section Ⅱ Using language-【精讲精练】2023-2024学年高中英语必修第一册外研版（课时作业）

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

A five­year­old dog named Kelsey has been praised as a hero for helping to save the life of her owner who slipped in the snow and broke his neck.

The man, Bob, was alone when he left his Michigan farmhouse on New Year's Eve to collect firewood.Expecting a journey of only several meters, Bob was wearing just long johns(衬裤), a shirt and slippers when he went outside, although the temperature was around －4 ℃.

After the accident, he was unable to move in the snow.Fortunately, Kelsey came to his assistance.

“I was shouting for help, but my nearest neighbor is about 400 meters away, and it was 10：30 pm，”Bob explained.“But my Kelsey came.By the next morning, my voice was gone and I couldn't yell for help, but Kelsey didn't stop barking.”

Kelsey's companion kept him warm by lying on top of him.She licked his face and hands to keep him awake.“Kelsey kept barking but never left my side，”Bob recalled.“She kept me warm.I knew I couldn't give up and that it was my choice to stay alive.”

Bob spent 20 hours in the freezing cold.When he finally lost consciousness, his dog kept barking.Finally, hearing the barking, Bob's neighbor discovered him at 6：30 pm on New Year's Day and called the emergency services at once.When Bob arrived in hospital, his body temperature was below 21℃.However, doctors were surprised to find that he didn't have any frostbite (冻疮)．They believed it was because of Kelsey's determination to keep him warm.Dr Chaim Colen, the doctor who treated Bob, said，“Animals can help and his dog really saved him...He was very fortunate.”

Bob said he was “enormously” grateful to both Dr Colen and his Kelsey.“They saved my life.They are truly heroes！”

[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一只名叫凯尔西的5岁小狗救助在雪中滑倒并摔断了脖子的主人，挽救了主人的生命而被誉为英雄的故事。

1．What happened to Bob on New Year's Eve?

A．He left his dog alone in his farmhouse.

B．He was praised for saving a dog owner.

C．He broke his neck and couldn't move.

D．He heard his neighbor's shouting for help.

解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...to save the life of her owner who slipped in the snow and broke his neck”可知，鲍勃摔断了脖子；根据第三段中的“After the accident, he was unable

to move in the snow”可知，事故发生后，他在雪中不能动。故选C。

答案　C

2．Why did Kelsey keep barking?

A．To keep warm.

B．To stay alive.

C．To keep Bob awake.

D．To seek help from others.

解析　细节理解题。根据第六段中的“When he finally lost consciousness, his dog kept barking.Finally, hearing the barking, Bob's neighbor discovered him at 6：30 pm on New Year's Day and called the emergency services at once.”可知，当他最终失去知觉时，他的狗仍在不停地叫。最后，鲍勃的邻居听到了狗叫声，于新年那天下午六点半发现了他，并且立刻给急救部门打了电话。由此可知，狗一直叫是为了向他人求助。故选D。

答案　D

3．How does Dr Chaim Colen feel about Kelsey?

A．Helpful.　　　　　 B．Fortunate.

C．Grateful.  D．Friendly.

解析　推理判断题。根据第六段中的“They believed it was because of Kelsey's determination to keep him warm.Dr Chaim Colen, the doctor who treated Bob, said, ‘Animals can help and his dog really saved him...’”可知，凯尔西在救助她的主人的过程中起了关键作用，帮助很大。由此可推知，哈伊姆·科伦医生认为凯尔西具有帮助性。故选A。

答案　A

4．What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．A Neck­breaking Accident

B．The Magic Night

C．Warmth on a Winter's Night

D．Determination to Keep Alive

解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了一只名叫凯尔西的5岁小狗救助在雪中滑倒并摔断了脖子的主人，在寒冷的新年前夜为主人取暖，挽救了主人的生命的故事。结合选项，C项作为文章标题贴切且准确。故选C。

答案　C

B

(2022·重庆学业质量调研抽测)The amount of plastic pollution in the oceans is rapidly increasing. This is problematic, as at least 700 species of sea animals may mistake it for a tasty snack. While we know that some species seem to eat plastic because it looks like jellyfish or some other food sources, less research has been carried out into what plastic smells like to marine animals.

But now, a study from the University of North Carolina has found that the coating of algae that naturally builds up on ocean plastics causes the rubbish to give off the scent of food.

The researchers took 15 loggerhead turtles, each around five months old, and placed them in a laboratory tank. They then piped in clean water, clean plastic, turtle food, and plastic that had been immersed in the marine environment for five weeks.

The turtles showed no reaction to the smell of clean water or clean plastic. But when they were exposed to the smell of ocean­soaked plastic or turtle food, they exhibited food­seeking behaviors like reaching their noses out of the water or showing increasing activities.

“This finding is the first demonstration that the smell of ocean plastics causes animals to eat them，” said Dr. Kenneth J. Lohmann, who took part in the study. “It's common to find loggerhead turtles with their digestive systems fully or partially blocked because they've eaten plastic materials. There are also increasing reports of sea turtles that have become ill and stranded on the beach due to their ingestion of plastic.”

According to the researchers, areas of the ocean with dense concentrations of plastic may trick turtles and other animals into thinking that there is an abundant food source. “Once these plastics are in the ocean, we don't have a good way to remove them or prevent them from smelling like food，” said Lohmann.

[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。海洋塑料垃圾因气味被海洋生物误以为是食物而食用，这极大地危害了海洋生物的生存。但是，目前人类没有好的办法可以解决海洋生物误食塑料的问题，这就需要我们尽可能阻止塑料垃圾进入海洋。

5．Why is plastic pollution posing a threat to marine animals?

A．It may eat up all jellyfish.

B．It may mislead them as food.

C．It may kill them with its smell.

D．It may trap 700 species of sea animals.

解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This is problematic，as at least 700 species of sea animals may mistake it for a tasty snack”可知，塑料污染给海洋动物带来的最大的威胁在于很多海洋生物会把塑料垃圾误当作食物，故B项正确。

答案　B

6．What may attract the loggerhead turtles in the laboratory tank to search for food?