内容正文:
衡中学案·2024 年度创新设计·新教材
专题四 三大从句与特殊句式
第一讲 定语从句
定语从句的概念:在复合句中ꎬ修饰某一名
词、代词或修饰整个句子的从句叫定语从句ꎮ 被
修饰的名词或代词叫先行词ꎬ引导定语从句的词
叫关系词ꎬ定语从句放在先行词的后面ꎮ
一 that / which / who / whom
语篇导入
Xiao Meng is a girl who / that① loves reading
and she is also a girl who / whom / that② teachers
often praise. Books that / which③ talk about love or
adventures are her favorite. Journey to the West is
the first book that④ Xiao Meng has readꎬand it is the
best novel that④ she has read. Everything that④
appears in the novel is interesting and both people
and monsters that④ are described in it make her
fascinated.
①关系词指人作主语ꎬ可以用 thatꎬwho 引导ꎮ
②关系词指人作宾语ꎬ可以用 thatꎬ whoꎬ
whom 引导ꎮ
③关系词指物作主语或宾语ꎬ可以用 thatꎬ
which 引导ꎮ
④关系词指物由形容词最高级、序数词修饰ꎬ
或者关系词是某些不定代词ꎬ或关系词既指人又
指物时ꎬ只能用 thatꎮ
难点精析
1. that / which / who / whom 在句子里充当主语
或宾语ꎬ这些关系词叫关系代词ꎮ 在上面的短文
中的限制性定语从句中ꎬthat 出现频率最高ꎮ 既
可以作主语ꎬ也可以作宾语ꎬ既可以指人ꎬ也可以
指物ꎮ
2. 此外指物时只用 that 不用 which 的情况的
口诀:very、only 序最高ꎬ人物、不定 that 好ꎮ 即先
行词指物被 the very、the only、序数词、形容词最高
级修饰时ꎬ或者先行词既包括人也包括物时ꎬ或者
先行词指物是某些不定代词或被某些不定代词修
饰时ꎬ定语从句用 that 引导ꎮ
This is the very book that I have been looking
for for several days.
这正是我找了好几天的那本书ꎮ
Is there anything that you want to say about this
matter?
关于这件事你想说什么呢?
3. 定语从句的谓语动词要与先行词的数保持
一致ꎮ
I still remember the people in the remote village
who were friendly to me.
我仍然记得那些住在边远地区对我很友好的
乡亲们ꎮ
The students who are interested in the activity
should sign up for it in advance.
对这次活动感兴趣的同学们要提前报名ꎮ
即时训练
单句语法填空
①(2022新高考Ⅰ卷) David had a brain disease
which / that prevented him from walking or
running like other children.
②(2022新高考Ⅰ卷) Producing food which /
that no one eats wastes the waterꎬ fuelꎬ and
other resources used to grow it.
③(2022新高考Ⅰ卷) I looked around and finally
spotted Davidꎬ who was standing by himself off
to the side by a fence.
④(2022全国甲卷) It is hard to name a comedy
star who / that hasnt been on the stage here.
⑤ ( 2022 浙 江 卷 ) She also admitted that a
relatively small number of women were studiedꎬ
all of whom were form Sweden.
⑥This is the third ap