17 完形填空应对策略(宏观分析)-2024高考英语一轮复习小题大题微技能精析精练(新高考版)

17 完形填空应对策略(宏观分析) 【策略精析】 分析维度1：洞悉文章脉络 宏观分析是对文章的语篇类型、组织结构等进行分析，通过文章的主题句或主题段落来确定文章的体裁到底是记叙文、说明文、议论文还是应用文。文体不同，文章的组织结构自然也不同。从近五年的高考可以看出，完形填空主要考查记叙文或夹叙夹议类的文章。因此，运用美国语言学家拉波夫的叙事分析模式对完形填空的语篇进行宏观分析，能帮助学生从整体上把握文章的结构。此模式包括点题、指向、进展、结局、评议和回应六个要素。 （一）点题和指向 1. 点题是叙事者在叙事之前对要讲的内容进行简短的概述，会告诉读者“What was the story about？”。 2. 指向是指叙事者会在文章开头交代清楚故事中的人物以及故事发生的时间和地点等因素，会告诉读者“Who was involved in the story？”以及“When and where did the story happen？”等。有时候，点题和指向会一起出现在文章的首句中，这样不仅能使文章中心突出、主题鲜明，而且能给读者留下深刻的印象。 （二）进展和结局 1. 进展是故事本身的发生和发展，是叙事语篇的核心部分。它回答的是“How does the story develop？”。 2. 结局是指故事发展到最后是一个怎样的结果。它回答的是“How does the story come to an end？”。 （三）评议和回应 1. 评议是作者对所描述的故事所做的一种评论，它体现出作者对故事的态度和看法。 2. 回应是对故事主题的一种升华，对读者起着某种启迪作用，能使读者对故事理解得更深刻并进行深入的思考。但是有时候，叙事者会把故事的意义留给读者去体会和思考，因此并不是所有的记叙文都具备回应这一要素。 【典例分析】　(2020·全国卷Ⅲ) As a businesswoman，I care deeply about my customers.But like anyone for whom you feel affection，__41__ can also drive you mad.They’ll come rushing in，__42__ their handbag’s been stolen.They’ll __43__ that they left it in the changing room，create havoc(混乱) and then __44__ it had been in their car all the time.They’ll have out half the __45__ in the shop，and want the only style you don’t have left in a __46__ colour.I do know how upset the shop staff can get，but I try to persuade them to keep __47__. I remember the first really __48__ customer we had at Covent Garden.She was __49__ absolutely everything，nothing was right and I was rather __50__ that she became a“regular”. After a while，she __51__ for the way she behaved at the beginning.She had split up with her husband the week before，was living in a flat __52__，and since she’d found it too much to cope with(应付)，she’d taken it out on __53__ people. That taught me a valuable __54__ and I pass it on to the people who __55__ in the market.Don’t take it __56__. If a customer is rude or difficult，just think“Maybe she’s had a row with her husband.Maybe her child’s not __57__. ”Always water it down and don’t let your ego(自我) get __58__. If you