句子成分&五大基本句型(1)课件-2023-2024学年高中英语初高中衔接

句法 嘉 课时 ●构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 英语的基本成分有七种： 主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、 表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、 定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 补和(complement)。 1.主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体。 During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.(名词) Ne often speak English in class.(代词) Three and three makes six. (数词) Smoking does harm to the health. 动名词) The rich should help the poor..(名词化的形容词) 主语可由名词、代词、数词、动名词和名词化的形容词等表示 (指人或事、物：用于回答“谁、什么”)。一般位于句首。 找出下列句子主语并说明是何种词性 To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language. (t作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式) It is important that we should learn English well. (t作形式主语，真正的主语为后面主语从句) 总结：主语可由不定式、主语从句充当。 主语位置一般在前，若放在句尾，则要用t作形式主语置于句首。 但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中， 主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。 2.谓语 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。 Mary isn't carefree. The new term will begin soon. I love my motherland. Dad bought me a bike last Sunday. Bill kept us laughing all through supper. He practices running every morning. We are students. You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. 总结：动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。 谓语的构成如下：（动词有时态和语态，肯定与否定的变化） He practices running every morning. 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。 You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. We are students. 注意： Bill kept us laughing all through supper. (不是谓语动词，因为前面没有主语，而是宾语，只能是宾补)