内容正文:
Learning about language
Unit 1
The Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause
限制性和非限制性定语从句
先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词
关系词:引导定语从句的词
He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.
定语从句
先行词
关系代词
一、定语从句
在复合句中, 修饰某一名词或代词的从句, 其作用相当于形容词。
定
语
从
句
的
引
导
词
关系代词
关系副词
指人
指物
that(主语/宾语/表语), who(主语/宾语), whom(宾语), whose(定语), as(主语/宾语/表语)
that, which(主语、宾语), whose, as
where (地点状语)
when (时间状语)
why (原因状语)
Ps: 关系词在从句中做状语时, 连接词有时可以用介词+which/whom来替换关系副词
定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
定语从句的分类:
1. 限制性定语从句
它是对先行词作修饰、限制, 从句与主句的关系十分密切, 如果去掉, 主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。
2. 非限制性定语从句
它是对先行词作附加补充说明, 从句与主句的关系不是很密切, 如果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。
His daughter, who is in Shenzhen now, is coming home next week.
People who take physical exercise regularly live longer.
1. 形式不同
二、限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句: 与主句之间无逗号隔开;
非限制性定语从句: 与主句之间有逗号隔开。
His daughter, who is in Shenzhen now, is coming home next week.
People who take physical exercise regularly live longer.
He is the man who lives next to me.
他就是住在我隔壁的那个人。
He is a warm-hearted man, who lives next to me.
他是个热心肠的人, 住在我的隔壁。
2. 翻译不同
限制性定语从句: 一般先译从句, 后译先行词, 即把从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词前, 译为“…的+先行词”。
非限制性定语从句: 一般先译主句, 后译从句, 翻译成两个分句。
3. 先行词不同
限制性定语从句: 可以修饰名词或代词;
非限制性定语从句: 可以修饰名词或代词, 也可以修饰整个句子,
Do you remember the man who taught us English?
She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit.
Mr. White, whom you met yesterday, is one of my old friends.
(非限制性定语从句, whom在从句中作宾语, 不能省略)
4. 关系词不同
在限制性定语从句中, 关系代词作宾语时可以省略;
在非限制性定语从句中, 所有关系词都不可省略。
三、使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项
1. that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
在非限制性定语从句中, 用who, whom指代人, 用which 指代物。
She was very fond of speaking French, which indeed she spoke well.
I had told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting.
2. 非限制性定语从句表原因时, 不能用why引导, 而用for which代替why。
三、使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项
They went to London, where they lived for six months.
3. 当先行词是世界上独一无二的事物或专有名词时, 其后的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句。
4. 当先行词是唯一亲属, 使用非限制性定语从句。
Professor Wang has a son, who works in Beijing.
三、使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项
5. 当先行词指代整个主句内容时, 使用非限制性定语从句。
He said that he had never seen her before, whic