句子成分 导学案-2023-2024学年初升高英语衔接课程

句子成分 Partl:Introduction of members of sentence 句子成分： 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致 相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。 一、主语subject 是一个句子所描述的主体，可以是人、物、事情： 一般位于于句首： 常用名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句充当担任。 ①Students study. ②They are good friends ③Three is enough. ④To see is to believe. ⑤Fishing is allowed, 6 What he needs is a book. 7 The rich should help the poor. 思考：哪些词可以充当句子主语？ 二、谓语predicate 一般位于主语的后面； 是用来说明主语做了一个什么动作，或者说明主语的行为或状态； 常由动词或动词短语构成，可分为简单谓语和复合谓语。 ①We love China. ②She dances well 3 The plane took off at 10 o'clock. 1 My sister is crying over there. ②You must stay at home, 3 He has caught a bad cold. ④She looks beautiful 思考：哪些词可以充当句子谓语？ 三、宾语object 表示谓语动作的对象，是谓语动作的承受者。 一般位于动词或动词短语之后。 介词后也会跟宾语。 ①I like Music.. ②He often helps me. ③Give me four please 4We have finished reading this book. 5 He wants to dream a nice dream. ⑥I think you are right. 7 I am interested in music. 思考：哪些词可以充当句子宾语？ 四、定语attributive “定就是限定，对句子里的名词或代词起到修饰和限定的作用。 “…的：分为前置定语和后置定语。 ①a maths problem ②Her dress is wet.. ③a naughty boy ④Ihave5 books. 5This is her first trip to Beijing ©It is a swimming pool ⑦I have nothing to eat.. 8 The girl with long hair is my sister. 9 He is the boy who dances best. 思考：哪些词可以充当句子定语？ 五、状语adverbial 用来修饰动词，形容词或副词或全句。 按其用途可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、方式、目的、条件、让步、 方向、伴随、程度等。 1 How about meeting again at six. 2 Tomson lives on the third floor. 3I arrived late because of the traffic jam ④He did it carefully. 5 We'll send a car to fetch you. ⑥If he goes,so will I. 7 Though he is a child,he knows a lot 8 She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 9He was so tired that he fell asleep. ⑩I am taller than he is.. 思考：哪些词可以充当句子状语？ 六、补足语complement 有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子 的意义完整。它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用. D We made her our monitor. 2 The result made me angry. ③Let the fresh air in. 4 We found everything in good order there. 5 You mustn't force him to lend his money to you. 6)We saw her entering the room 7 They found the house broken. 思考：哪些词可以充当句子补足语？ 七、表语predicative “表明、表示”， 用来说明主语的性质、特征、状态、心情、年龄与身份等。 位于系动