内容正文:
UNIT 4 Grammar
DISCOVERING USEFUL STRUCTURES
课时目标
1.能够正确理解动词-ing形式用作宾语和表语的情况,并正确使用这一形式进行表达。
2.掌握本课时的词汇和句型。
动词ing形式作宾语和表语
诵读教材原句并感知加黑部分的共性。
(1)[P38教材原文]We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language.
(2)[P38教材原文]However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite.
表语
宾语
(3)[P38教材原文]Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else.
(4)[P39教材原文]A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal.
(5)[P39教材原文]Perhaps the best example is smiling.
1.第(1)(2)(3)中的动词ing形式在句中作____。
2.第(4)(5)中的动词ing形式在句中作____。
一、动词ing形式作宾语
1.动词ing形式作动词宾语。
I suggest doing it in a different way.
我建议用一种不同的方法做这件事。
Would you mind opening the door?
你介意打开门吗?
I enjoy chatting with them.
我喜欢和他们聊天。
接动名词作宾语的常见动词可用下面的歌谣记忆:
喜欢考虑要想象(enjoy,consider,imagine)
停止冒险可避免(stop,risk,avoid)
要求完成不拖延(require,finish,delay)
承认建议勤操练(admit,suggest,practise)
逃避介意可原谅(escape,mind,excuse)
忍受保持不喜欢(stand,keep,dislike)
其他还有advise,allow,permit,miss,appreciate等。
2.“动词+介词”构成的动词短语,只能后接动词ing形式作宾语。这些动词短语有think of,give up,aim at,put off,insist on,persist in,be good at,do well in,keep on,leave off,feel like,be tired (afraid,capable,fond) of,set about等。
其中to作介词的动词短语有be used to,object to,devote oneself to,stick to,keep to,respond to,look forward to,see to,be accustomed to,adapt to,apply to,get to,get down to,prefer...to,adjust to,owe to,react to等。
He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他坚持按照自己的方法做。
The old couple have got used to living in the countryside.
这对老夫妇已习惯生活在乡下了。
3.有些动词和动词短语后跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语皆可,但含义不同。常见的有:
Try to write better in your exam.
考试时尽量要写得更好些。
Since the front door won't open,why not try opening the back door?
前门打不开,为何不试一试后门呢?
5.在allow,advise,encourage,forbid,permit,recommend等动词后面直接跟宾语时,要用动名词;如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其宾语补足语用带to的不定式。
We don't allow smoking.我们不允许吸烟。
We don't allow students to smoke.
我们不允许学生吸烟。
二、动词ing形式作表语
动词ing形式作表语通常是对主语进行