内容正文:
语法系统课(3)——形容词、副词写作增分课(3)——演讲文稿
语法系统课(3) 形容词、副词
考点1 形容词、副词的句法功能
[高考体验]
1.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)They both fell ____ (sleep) while watching TV.
解析:asleep 句意:他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。fall asleep为固定搭配,意为 “睡着”。
2.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)When he looked down, he ____ (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge.
解析:accidentally 此处需用副词修饰动词slipped。故填accidentally。
3.(2022·全国甲卷)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more__________(meaning).
解析:meaningful 此处表示这将使得徒步旅行更有意义,为“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,空处应用形容词作宾语补足语。
4.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)It will____________ (undoubted) help you get refreshed!
解析:undoubtedly 修饰动词help需用副词形式,故填undoubtedly,在句中作状语。
5.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)The __________ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
解析:beautiful 修饰名词branches应用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
6.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Landing on the moon's far side is _____________ (extreme) challenging.
解析:extremely 修饰形容词challenging应用extreme的副词形式extremely。
7.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Bamboo:Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices. ____________ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
解析:Certainly 此处修饰整个句子,用副词certainly,注意首字母要大写。
[系统归纳]
1.用法
形容词在句中主要作定语、表语和宾语补足语,常和名词、代词有关联;副词主要修饰动词、形容词和副词,也可用在句首表状态。
2.形容词的常见后缀
-y
storm→stormy; ice→icy
-al, -ical
globe→global; politics→political
-ful
success→successful; plenty→plentiful
-(i)ous
number→numerous;mountain→mountainous
-able,-(s)ible
(un)desire→(un)desirable;(in)access→(in)accessible
-less
use→useless; home→homeless
-ly
dead→deadly; live→lively
-tive
attract→attractive; create→creative
3.形容词变副词的规则
一般情况加-ly
common→commonly
immediate→immediately
以“辅音字母+y”结尾,将y改为i然后加-ly
steady→steadily
busy→busily
以-le结尾,去掉e加-y
simple→simply
gentle→gently
以-ic结尾,加-ally
economic→economically
scientific→scientifically
[名师指津]
(1)注意形近词 hard与hardly,前者表示“努力”,后者表示“几乎不”。
(2)deep, high, slow等本身是副词,加上-ly后还是副词,此时前者表示具体,后者表示抽象概念。
4.连接副词
though
一般用于句末,意为“然而,可是”,表示转折
meanwhile
意为“在此期间”,表示两个动作同时发生
therefore/thus/consequently
意为“因此,所以”,