内容正文:
第十二讲:宾语从句与状语从句
高中英语基础知识系列
1. 什么是宾语?什么是状语
2.什么是宾语从句?状语从句?
3.宾语通常放在什么后面?
4.状语分类有几种?
导学问题:
宾语从句
PART 01
宾语从句:一个充当主句宾语成分的句子。
通常跟在介词/及物动词/形容词之后
主语
谓语
宾语
简单句
主语
谓语
宾 语 从 句
连词
从句主语
从句谓语
主 句
复合句
2. I know who you are .
I like apples .
一、定义
宾语从句的句子结构:
主句+连接词(引导词)+宾语从句
e.g.: He asks him /how long Mike has been here.(动词宾语)
Miss Zhang is angry at /what you said. (介词宾语)
二、句子结构
宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。包括:
连接词+主语+谓语+宾语+其他;
连接词+主语+系动词+表语+其他;
误: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.×
正: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.√
三、语序
①从属连词:that,if,whether(不充当成分)
②连接代词:(充当成分:主、宾、表、定)who,whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever,whatever,whichever等。
③连接副词:(做状语)when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等。
例句:I know/ who he is.
四、引导词
宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略:
(1)当引导宾从时,第二个及以后的tha个句子中出现多个that不能省;
Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.
(2)当that前有介词时,that不可省。
The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.
(3)用it做形式宾语的宾语从句
I think it is necessary that you should read English aloud.
that 引导的从句,that在句中无任何意义,不充当句子成分,
1. I said that English was easy.
2. You say that you are a student.
3. I believe it right that English is useful.
4. The research shows that boys are better at math and that girls are better at English.
(可省)
(前面的that 可省,后面的that 不可省)
(可省)
(不可省)
if/ whether “是否”,说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 表示疑问不确定意义的词之后;从句句意完整,不缺成分。If 后不加or。
只用whether 的情况:
1、当句末为or not时
2、在to do不定式前
3、介词后只能用whether.
4、作主语只能用whether.
If or whether ???
1. I asked her __________ she had a bike.
2. We’re worried about ________ he is safe.
3. I don’t know ________ or not he is well.
4. I don’t know _______ to go.
If/whether
whether
whether
whether
由连接代词、连接副词和wh-ever引导的宾语从句:
要点:who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whatever, whichever, when, where, why, how引导宾语从句:
①担任句子成分(连接代词-主宾表定;连接副词-状语)
包含一定意义;
②起连接作用,不可省略。
I want to know what he has told you.