03 形容词与副词考查要点及应对策略-2024高考英语一轮复习小题大题微技能精析精练(新高考版)

03 形容词与副词考查要点及应对策略 【考点精析】 考点1形容词和副词的句法功能 1.形容词主要用来修饰名词、代词, 表示事物或人的性质和特征,可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语或状语等。 I have to attend an important meeting this afternoon. (作定语) I know he is too optimistic but I don’t want to depress him. (作表语) The room was found very dirty. (作主语补足语) Optimism makes a life happier and more meaningful. (作宾语补足语) Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. (作状语) 注意： (1)通常只作表语的形容词: ①以“a-”开头的形容词:afraid害怕的, alone孤单的, alive活着的, alike相似的, ashamed羞愧的, awake醒着的; ②content, worth, ill(有病的,不舒服的), sure, liable, well等。 (2)通常不用“人”作主语的形容词: possible, impossible, probable, convenient, necessary等。 (3)形容词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。 2.副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词甚至整个句子,可作状语、表语、宾语补足语等。 Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers help us patiently. (作状语) The tide was out and they walked among the rock pools. (作表语) Unfortunately, I was still very clumsy behind the wheel of the jeep. (作状语) 注意： (1)有些副词并不修饰动词, 而是修饰整个句子, 表示说话人的看法。常见的这类副词有: 表递进 besides, further, then, moreover等 表结果 therefore, consequently, accordingly, thus等 表转折 though, instead, otherwise, however等 表等同 similarly, equally等 表对比 rather, oppositely等 表概括 altogether, generally等 表列举 first(ly), second(ly), finally等 表同位 namely等 表时间 meanwhile, sometimes, occasionally等 表特指 particularly, especially等 (2)兼有两种形式的副词 其中一种形式与形容词相同,另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀-ly。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不同。 　 考点2形容词和副词的相互转化 1.大多数副词是由形容词加后缀-ly构成。主要变化规律: 转化方法 例词 一般情况下,在形容词词尾直接加-ly real—really; helpful—helpfully 以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词要变-y为i,然后再加-ly busy—busily; angry—angrily; easy—easily 以-le结尾,去e直接加-y terrible—terribly; gentle—gently 元音字母+e 结尾,先去掉e,然后再加-ly true—truly 其他特殊情况 以ll结尾的形容词只加-y full—fully 以ic结尾的形容词加-ally automatic—automatically;energetic—energetically 2.在英语中,有些词既可以作形容词,又可以作副词。需要在特定语境中判断它们各自的词性。如early, much, fast, little, wide, loud, well等。 It brought a wide smile to his face and laughter to his eyes. (形容词) In a few seconds she was wide awake. (副词) 注意：下列单词以-ly结尾, 但却是形容词而非副词:lively, lonely, lovely, deadly, friendly,