02 冠词、代词和介词考查要略-2024高考英语一轮复习小题大题微技能精析精练(新高考版)

冠词、代词和介词考查要略 【考点精析】 一、冠词 考点1不定冠词用法 　　英语中冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种,常放在名词的前面,用来限定名词的意义,起泛指或特指的作用。不定冠词主要有下面两种用法: 1.表示“一个”,意为one;指某人或某物,意为a certain。 A Mr Liu is waiting for you outside. A teacher is a person who teaches. An apple falls down because of gravity. 2.代表一类人或物。 注意：(1)不定冠词a/an与数词one 同源,表示“一个”的意思。a用于发音以辅音音素开头的单词前,an则用于发音以元音音素开头的单词前。注意此处不是指辅音字母和元音字母。 (2)不定冠词的其他用法 ①不定冠词可以用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前,使之具体化。这样的物质名词有rain, snow, fog, wind, drink, coffee, beer, fire, paper等;抽象名词有success, failure, surprise, pleasure, beauty, wonder, comfort, danger, shock等。 ②knowledge, collection, understanding等名词后加of...时,其前常用不定冠词a/an。 ③“a most+形容词”表示“很……,非常……”,most在此不表示最高级含义,相当于very;而“the+most+多音节形容词”为多音节形容词的最高级形式,表示“最……”。 For a great many men and women, romance can be a most important part of marriage. It is one of the most original works of imagination in the language. 考点2定冠词用法 1.表示特指的人或物,或者双方都知道的或心中都明白的人或物,或者指上文已经提到过的人或物。 Yesterday John’s father bought him a new bike.The bike cost him 200 yuan. 2.用于单数可数名词前, 表示整个类属。 I think the telephone was invented before the car. 3.用于某些形容词、分词前表示一类人/物或用在姓氏复数前表示一家人。 The rich will be asked to contribute money; the strong to contribute labour. The Greens said you would travel with them, didn’t they? 4.用在被短语或从句修饰的名词前表示特指。 This is the boy whose mother is our Chinese teacher. 5.表示世界上独一无二的事物,如the moon, the sun, the earth, the universe, the world, the sky等。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 6.用在序数词、形容词/副词最高级以及形容词only, very, same等前面。 I felt the pressure of being the first woman in the job. 注意：当序数词不表示顺序而表示“又一, 再一”时, 用不定冠词, 如a second time意为“再一次, 又一次”。 7.用于表示方位、西洋乐器等的名词前,如in the east, in the northwest, play the piano等。 8.用于表示某世纪/年代/时期或朝代的名词前。 He moved to the south in the sixties. 9.用在表示度量单位的名词前,如by the hour/day/week/month/year/dozen/yard/ton/kilo,但是size/weight/time这类名词跟by连用时不加冠词。 I hired the car by the hour. 考点3与冠词有关的固定搭配 1.含不定冠词的固定搭配 have a knowledge/an understanding of了解 have a good view of一览无余 in a hurry匆忙地 as a result因此 as a rule通常 as a whole总体上 as a matter of