08 定语从句考查要点及应对策略-2024高考英语一轮复习小题大题微技能精析精练(新高考版)

08 定语从句考查要点及应对策略 【考点精析】 考点1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词一览表 关系代词 先行词 句法功能 who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) whose(=of whom/of which) 人或物 定语 that 人或物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 1.限制性定语从句中, 当先行词表示事物时,只用that不用which的情况 (1)先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。 If I run into anything that might interest you, I’ll send it to you. We cannot say none that we saw on TV were true. (2)先行词被the only, any, few, no, very等修饰时。 After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns. (3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词的最高级、序数词修饰时。 That is the best film that has ever been shown so far in the city. When it comes to Jinan, the first that comes to mind is the spring water. (4)先行词既有人又有物时。 My mother and her old friends talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. (5)主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。 Who is the person that is standing at the gate? 2.只用which不用that的情况 (1)关系代词前有介词时。 This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. (2)引导非限制性定语从句时。 Crusoe’s dog, which was very old, became ill and died. 3.引导非限制性定语从句的as与which 关系代词 位置不同 含义不同 as 引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前, 也可以放在主句后, 有时还可插入主句中 意为“正如……”, 后面的谓语动词多用see, know, expect, say, mention, report等 which 引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后 意为“这一点”或“这件事”等 As is known to all, great changes have taken place in China. John, as you know, is a famous writer. Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry. 考点2 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 　　在“介词+关系代词”结构中,关系代词若是表示人,就只能用whom;关系代词若是表示事物,就只能用which。 如: Where is the supermarket in which you bought the laptop last week? Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office? 注意： 在正式的文体中,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句可缩写成“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构。 She had some money in the bank, with which she could help her mother. →She had some money in the bank, with which to help her mother. 考点3 关系副词引导的定语从句 　　定语从句中关系副词有when、where、why,代替前面的先行词,在从句中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语。 She remembered clearly that day when sh