06 情态动词与虚拟语气考查要点及应对策略-2024高考英语一轮复习小题大题微技能精析精练(新高考版)

06 情态动词与虚拟语气考查要点及应对策略 【考点精析】 一、情态动词 考点1　 含有情态动词的时态和被动语态 1.情态动词+动词原形:除了表示现在的时间外,还可以表示将来,说明动作尚未发生。如: You can go now but you’d better come earlier tomorrow. 2.情态动词+be doing:表示动作正在发生。如: Your mother may be waiting for you to return home. He must be playing football on the playground now. 3.情态动词+have done: (1)表示对过去情况的推测: He must have started writing his book a long time ago. (2)表示过去“该做而没做”“能做而没做”“可做而没做”等含义,与过去事实不符或相反。 I would have written to you earlier, but I have been ill. 4.含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+done Pupils should be helped to adopt a positive approach to the environment. 考点2　 常考情态动词的用法 1.can (1)表示能力,一般译为“能,会”,尤其指生来具备的能力。 Can you speak English? (2)表示许可,常用在口语中。 (3)表示推测,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时can’t译为“不可能”。 Can the news be true? The moon can’t always be full. 2.could (1)can的过去式,意为“能,会”,表示过去的能力。 I didn’t know if I could raise a child by myself. (2)could在疑问句中,表示委婉请求的语气,此时could没有过去式的意思。 Could you give me some advice on the best way to do this? 3.may (1)表示请求、许可,比can正式。 May I use your computer? (2)表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“可能,或许”,一般用于肯定句中。 I think he may be ready for a sleep soon. (3)may的过去式为 might。might 也可以表示推测,但可能性低于may(此时might没有过去式的意思)。 He said he might not be back until tonight. (4)表示希望、祈求、祝愿,常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may+主语+动词原形。 May all of our wishes come true this Valentine’s Day. 4.must (1)must 表示主观看法,意为“必须”。 We must be honest and faithful to the people. (2)对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t 或don’t have to。 —Must I go there today? —Yes, you must./No, you needn’t. (3)must也可以表示有把握的推测,意为“一定,肯定”,用于肯定句。 He must be waiting for us. (4)其否定形式mustn’t表示“禁止,不许”。 We mustn’t let the water run to waste. 注意：其反意疑问句的构成形式: 当must表示肯定的判断、推测时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。 He must be good at maths, isn’t he? You must have told her about it, haven’t you? 5.need (1)need表示需要,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn’t,意为“不必”。 用need提问时,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t或don’t have to。 —Need I go with you? —Yes, you must./No, you needn’t. (2)need还可以作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化,如果是人作主语,后面多接动词不定式。 Adults need to live their own lives and that’s difficult wit