05 非谓语动词考查要点及应对策略-2024高考英语一轮复习小题大题微技能精析精练(新高考版)

05 非谓语动词考查要点及应对策略 【考点精析】 考点1 非谓语动词的时态和语态 　　非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(动词-ing形式和-ed形式),即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。 非谓语动词的时态和语态一览表 类别 时态形式 语态形式 主动 被动 动词不定式 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing — 完成式 to have done to have been done 动词-ing 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 过去分词 一般式 done — 1.主、被动形式 非谓语动词与逻辑主语(通常是句子的主语)之间存在主谓、动宾关系。与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时,用主动形式;与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时, 用被动形式。 I got a letter saying that I was admitted to a key university. The bridge to be built will be the longest one on this river. 2.时间先后关系 根据非谓语动词与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系确定时态: (1)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生, 用非谓语动词的一般式; (2)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前, 用非谓语动词的完成式。 Hearing the inspiring news, they all jumped with joy. I seem to have involved myself in something I don’t understand. 考点2 非谓语动词作主语、表语 1.非谓语动词中能作主语的有动词-ing形式和不定式。 (1)动词-ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作,不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。 Listening to music is my sister’s hobby. To do this is to cut the foot to fit the shoe. (2)it作形式主语, 代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动词-ing形式。常见句型有: It is/was no use/good+doing sth.; It is/was not any use/good+doing sth.; It is/was of little use/good+doing sth.; It is/was useless doing sth.; It’s a waste of time doing sth.;It is/was+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.等。 It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. It is no good trying that method, because it won’t work. It is important for us to meet personally although we have been in touch in various ways. 2.非谓语动词中能作表语的有动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式和不定式。注意动词-ing形式作表语时意为“令人感到……的”, 而动词-ed形式作表语时意为“感到……的”。 The aim of the festival is to increase awareness of Chinese culture and traditions. At first she was terrified, then she pulled herself together. The radiation of nuclear bombing is terrifying. 考点3 非谓语动词作宾语 1.只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语: suggest, imagine, mind, admit, practice, risk, keep, keep on, avoid, escape, enjoy, consider, excuse, finish, miss, insist on, look forward to, feel like, get down to, object to等。 2.只