Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures 语法课件-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Welcome unit Grammar How do you express your ideas, by sentences or single words? What makes a sentence? Grammar 句子的基本成分： S （主语） V（谓语动词） O（宾语） P（表语） A（状语） DO（直接宾语） IO（间接宾语） C（宾语补足语） Basic knowledge 主语: 句子要说明的人/事物，是句子的主体。位置通常在句首，一般不省略。 名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词和主语从句。 主语(Subject) 表示句子所说的是 “什么人”或“什么事物” Tom is from China. He often goes to play soccer. Five is enough. Finishing the work is easy for him. To see is to believe. What he needs is a book. -名词 -代词 -数词 -动名词 -不定式 -主语从句 The car runs fast. She is kind. Eight is a lucky number in China. Swimming is my favorite. To see is to believe. What we need is time. It is necessary to master a foreign language. 名词 动名词 动词不定式 代词 数词 主语从句 it :形式主语 Find out the subjects in the following sentences and think about their functions. 主语：句子叙述的主体，动作的发出者。 谓语: 说明主语的动作或状态。位置一般在主语之后。谓语动词一般由实义动词或系动词担任。但助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也可构成谓语动词。 谓语可以由多个单词充当： 构成特殊的时态，用法（以下是常见的4种） ▲ 被动：be + 过去分词（附动词不规则变化表） is killed, was finished ▲ 完成时：has/have／had +过去分词 has finished have killed ▲ 情态动词（+动词原形）： may do ，can do ，must do will do，would do， might do ▲ 进行时 be + v.ing 现在分词 （与动名词区别） is sleeping He reads a book. The boy likes English. I don’t like the picture on the wall. The sun rises. I can achieve my goal. Think about the functions of the underlined verbs. vt. 及物动词 vt. 及物动词 vi. 不及物动词 vt. 及物动词 情态动词+及物动词 复习linking-verb I am happy. The day turns long. He gets angry. He seems ill. It remains a mystery. -- 后跟表语，构成系表结构，表示主语的状态、身份、特征等 常见的系动词： 1.be 动词：am, is, are 2.状态类系动词：stay, keep, remain, get 等 3.感官系动词：feel, smell, taste, sound look sound等 4. 变化类系动词：get, become, grow, go, turn等 5. “看起来，似乎”系动词：seem, look, appear 宾语: 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在及物动词后。英语介词也会跟宾语。可以作宾语的：名词、数词、代词、动名词、不定式。 Can I ask some questions? He is looking at the dog. He gave me two books. Tom teaches us English. 直接宾语 direct object 间接宾语 indirect object 人是间接宾语，物是直接宾语 双宾语 1.They saw