Unit3 SectionA Grammar Focus 知识归纳 2023-2024学年人教版英语八年级上册

Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister.

Grammar Focus

单元语法

形容词和副词的比较等级

1. 原级比较：用于两者程度相同的比较

①　在肯定句中用“as+形容词/副词原级+as”的结构，表示前后两者的情况一样

     Cats are as cute as dogs.

     Wang Ming speaks English as fluently as Mike.

     My friend is as outgoing as me.

     Jim is as funny as Paul.

②　在否定句中用“not so/as+形容词/副词原级+as”的结构，表示前者不如后者

     Cats are not as/so busy as dogs.

     Wang Ming does not speak English as/so fluently as Mike.

     My friend is not as/so outgoing as me.

     Jim is not as/so funny as Paul.

③　如果第一个so/as后的形容词作定语修饰名词，应将该名词放在第一个so/as后

     We have as much homework as we had yesterday.

     Tina is as beautiful a girl as Tina.

     Jacky Chen is as excellent an actor as Jet Li.

     They don’t plant as/so many trees as they did last year.

2. 形容词和副词的比较级

(1)   比较级的构成

①　规则变化

构成	原级	比较级
一般在词尾加-er, -est	clever fast	cleverer faster
以e结尾只加-r, -st	nice	nicer
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，	friendly	friendlier

将y变为i再加-er, -est	early	earlier
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写这一辅音字母后，再加-er, -est	fat hot	fatter hotter
部分双音节词和多音节词在词前加more, most	popular clearly	more popular more clearly

 

②　不规则变化

原级	比较级
good, well	better
many, much	more
little	less
bad, badly	worse
far	farther（只指距离）
	further（指距离也只程度）
old	older（指年龄、新旧、血缘）
	elder（只指血缘）

(2)   比较级的用法

①　比较级+than

     Julie has longer hair than Emma.

     He jumps higher than me.

     Eric is richer than his elder brother.

②　比较级+and+比较级

     It’s getting colder and colder.

     My son plays the drums better and better.

     He spoke more and more clearly.

     The singer is becoming more and more popular.

③　the+比较级..., the +比较级

     The more you eat, the heavier you will be.

     The harder you practice, the better you’ll be.

     The more books you read, the more you will know.

④　the+比较级（+of the two）

     The taller of the two is Miss White.

     The newer of the two books is Kate’s.

⑤　more than  多于  

not more than  不比.....多

no more than   不超过，仅仅

     More than 500 students will attend the meeting.

     It takes me more than an hour to get to the station.

     Please take not more than three books from the box.

最多从那个盒子里拿3本书。

     She has not more than three hats.

她至多有3顶帽子。

     I can pay no more than 50 dollars for the shirt.

   我仅仅为那件衬衫支付了50美元。

     He spent no more than two days to finish the report.

       他仅仅花了2天完成那份报告。

⑥　less than   少于

not/no less than   不少于......  

less+adj./adv.+than   不如......

     It’s less than a kilometer to the restaurant.

     They found the little boy less than 24 hours.

     The passage is not/no less than 100 words.

     There are not/no less than 99 roses in her room.

     My cat is less smart than hers.  

我的猫不如她的猫聪明。

     I think the story is less interesting than that one.  

我认为这个故事不如那个故事有趣。

(3)   使用比较级常见错误

①　比较的范围或对象出错

     The weather of Beijing is hotter than Shanghai today.  (×)