2023年中考英语复习宾语从句用法详解+练习

中考专项复习——宾语从句 复习目标:1、掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词 2、掌握宾语从句的语序——主句+连接词+主语+谓语 3、掌握宾语从句,主句与从句在时态上的呼应。 重难点:语序和时态呼应 概念:置于动词、介词等后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。 Eg. I believe it. 主 谓 宾 I believe (that I can do it). 主 谓 宾 结构:主句+连接词+宾语从句 一、连接词: 1、 that,无词意,只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,在口语中常被省略。 eg. He knew (that) he should work hard. 2、 if 、whether,意为“是否”,起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,不可省略。 eg. Tom don’t know if / whether his grandpa liked the present. He asked me whether or not I was coming. 一般情况下,if 和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether: ①在不定式前:Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided. ②在介词前:It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain. ③与or not连用:They are talking about whether to go there or not. 3、 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, 在从句中充当主语,宾语,定语和表语等,不可省略。 eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in. 4. 连接副词when, where, why, how,在从句中充当状语,不可省略。 Eg. I wonder where he got so much money. 【注意】1、由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。 eg. I don’t know how I should do with the presents. I don’t know how to do with the presents. 2、要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型. 二、 语序: 宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调:它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序。 Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see? (╳) Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( √) The teacher asked the students what they were doing. (思考: what在从句中的成分) 陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化, 语序不变。 eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” She said she would leave a message on the desk. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. I asked him where the tickets are. 三、时态: 宾语从句中谓语动词的时态,常常受到主句谓语时态的制约,此为时态呼应。 (1) 主现从随便:主句是现在时或将来时,从句谓语的时态随句意; (2) 主过从必过:主句是一般过去时,从句也用过去的某种时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。 eg. I thought (that) you are free today. (╳) I thought (that) you would be free today. ( √) (3) 真理用一现:客观真理,从句都用一般现在时。 eg. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun. 宾语从句练习 Ⅰ.用动词的适当形式填空。 1. I think he _ (come) back soon. 2. He told mw his father _ (read) the newspaper this time yesterday. 3. I want to know if he _ (go) fishing with me. 4. I didn’t know who _ (break) the