2024届上海市新高考英语作文-热点话题备考分析：环境与气候变化讲义

热点话题二:环境与气候变化 1. 科学数据的支持: 英语材料: According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the global temperature has increased by approximately 1.1°C since the late 19th century. This rise in temperature is primarily attributed to human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, which release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. 2. 极端天气事件: 英语材料: The frequency and intensity of extreme weather events are on the rise due to climate change. For instance, a study conducted by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) shows that the number of heatwaves has increased significantly over the past few decades. In addition, more intense and prolonged rainfall has led to devastating flooding in various parts of the world. 3. 生态系统的脆弱性: 英语材料: Coral reefs, which are critical marine ecosystems, are under threat due to rising sea temperatures and ocean acidification caused by excessive carbon dioxide emissions. The Great Barrier Reef, for example, has experienced mass coral bleaching events, leading to the loss of biodiversity and ecological imbalance. 4. 碳排放与能源转型: 英语材料: The burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, is the primary source of carbon dioxide emissions. Transitioning to renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, is crucial to mitigate climate change. For instance, Germany has made significant strides in adopting renewable energy, with wind and solar contributing to over 40% of the country's electricity generation. 5. 国际合作与协议: 英语材料: The Paris Agreement, signed by 197 countries, aims to limit global warming to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels. Each country sets its own climate goals and contributes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. For example, China, the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases, has pledged to peak its emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. 6. 可持续发展: 英语材料: The concept of sustainable development emphasizes the integration of environmental protection, social equ