2023-2024学年初高中英语语法复习句子成分讲义

语法复习：一、句子成分 句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 主要成分 谓语 主语 句子成分 表语 宾语 定语 次要成分 同位语 补足语 状语 （一)主语句子的主体 主语在句中一般位于句首，谓语位于动词前，主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词 名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装 句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。 eg: Li jiang river is beautiful.(名词) they often speaks English in class..(f代词) One-third of the goods are good.(数词) To swim is a great pleasure.(不定式) Smoking is harmful to our health(动名词) The old should be taken good care of.(名词化的形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided（主语从句) 业is necessary to master a foreign language,(it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式) (二)谓语-主语的行为 谓语可以用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征。 实义动词（短语）可以单独作谓语，有时态、人称和数的变化：系动词不能单独作调语，系 表结构构成复合谓语：助动词和情态动词也不能单独作谓语，“助动词/情态动词十实义动词” 构成复合谓语。 (2020·全国I卷，书面表达I respect and love him very much.(及物动词作谓语) 我十分地敬重他，喜欢他。 (2020·i浙江卷，读后续写)He told me a helicopter was on its way.(系表结构作谓语) 他告诉我说一架直升机在米的路上 You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold. （三)表语-主语的特征 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,表示变化的词become, gt,look,grow,turn,seem,go,等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不 定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an4 nerican(名i词) Is it yours?(代词) The weather has turned cold.(形容词) The speech is exciting.〔分词) Three times seven is twenty one?(数词) His job is to teach English(不定式) His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词) The machine must be out of order..(介词短语) Time is up.The class is over(刚词) The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句) (四)宾语动作的对象 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词) The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.( How many dictionaries do you have?I have five.( They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词) He pretended not to see me(不定式短语) I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语) I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句) 宾语种类：(I)双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary,please. (2)复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor, (五)补足语宾语或主语的补充说明 补足语是用米说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的种句子成分。补充说明主语意义的句子成 分叫作主语补足语，补充说明宾语意义的句子成分叫作宾语补足语。可以用作补足语的有 形容词、副词、名词、介词