内容正文:
Unit11 Conflict and Compromise 语法知识点扫盲
情态动词
观察句子
Tom ①could have got to school on time yesterday morning, but he was held up on the way to school in a heavy traffic jam.
“Tom, you ②should have said sorry to me for coming late,” said Mr Smith.
“I ③must be too eager to go into the classroom. I ④can't be too sorry for my coming late!” said Tom.
“Oh, my God, I ⑤must have left my English textbook at home after I finished my homework last night,” said Tom, “ ⑥Shall I share it with my deskmate?”
“OK! You ⑦may/might as well bring your own textbook next time, but for this time you ⑧can share it with your deskmate,” said Mr Smith. “Now, class, ⑨would you please turn to Page 11? ⑩Shall we begin our lesson?”
感悟:
1.情态动词可以表示能力、许可、必要性、可能性、责任和义务、建议、要求和打算等;
2.加黑处①中的could后跟have done,表示推测,意为“本来能够……”;
3.加黑处②中的should后跟have done,表示推测,意为“本应该……”;
4.加黑处③、⑤中的must表示猜测、推测,意为“想必,一定”;
5.加黑处④是固定结构,表示“无论……也不为过”;
6.加黑处⑥、⑩中的shall用于第一人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示;
7.加黑处⑦是固定结构“may/might as well+动词原形”,意为“最好,倒不如”;
8.加黑处⑧中的can表示许可;
9.加黑处⑨中的would 表示要求。
语法知识精讲
一、情态动词的基本用法
1.can/could
(1)表示能力,意为“能、会”。
◆The smallest good habits can make a big difference.
最小的好习惯会产生很大的作用。
◆It was several minutes before I could take in what he was saying.
过了好几分钟,我才理解他说的是什么。
(2)表示推测,意为“可能”,用于否定或疑问句中。can比could语气强。
◆This can't/couldn't be done by him.
这事不可能是他做的。
(3)表示请求或许可。在疑问句中,could可以代替can,语气更加委婉。
◆Could I use your phone, please?
我可以用一下你的电话吗?
(4)表示理论上的可能性。
◆Always believe that good things are possible, and remember that mistakes can be lessons that lead to discoveries.
要始终相信美好事物是可能的,记住失误也会变成经验教训,从而获得更多发现。
(5)用于否定句和疑问句,表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。
◆He can't/couldn't do this.
他不可能这样做。(表示不相信)
◆Can this be done by him?
这可能是他做的吗?(表示疑惑、惊讶)
(6)用于固定结构中
①can't...too/enough表示“无论……也不为过;越……越好”。
◆You can't be too careful when a young child is near water.
小孩子在水边时,你还是越小心越好。
②can't help doing sth.表示“禁不住做某事”。
◆Hearing this story, I couldn't help laughing.
听到这个故事,我禁不住大笑起来。
注:
can和be able to都可以表示能力,二者有时可互换。但be able to可以表示“终于做成某事”,有更多时态和人称的变化;且可与某些情态动词或系动词连用,如mi