内容正文:
谓语动词的时态
时态是表示事情发生的“时间”和”状态”
四种状态:一般、进行、完成、完成进行
四种时间:过去、现在、将来、过去将来
四种时间×四种状态=16种时态
时间
状态 现在 过去 将来 过去将来
主动 被动 主动 被动 主动 被动 主动 被动
一般
进行
do/
does
am/is/are done
did
shall/will do
was/
were done
shall/will be done
should/would do
should
/would
be
done
am/is/
are doing
am/is/
are being done
was/
were
doing
was/
were being done
shall/will
be doing
shall/will be being done
时间
状态 现在 过去 将来 过去将来
主动 被动 主动 被动 主动 被动 主动 被动
完成
完成进行
have/has been done
had done
shall/
will
have done
had been done
shall/
will
have
been
done
have/has
been doing
have/has done
一、一般现在时
用法
1.表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always, often,usually, now and then=occasionally= sometimes, seldom, never, , every day/night,on Sundays/Mondays/….等连用
①On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.
周一早晨开车上班我一般要花费一个小时,虽然实际距离只有20英里。
(do/does)
考点一 一般时态
2.按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作,只限于go, arrive, leave, stay, return, begin, come, close等动词。
①The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.
这家商店每天晚上11点关门。
②The train for Beijing leaves at 5:30 in the morning. 开往北京的火车在早上5:30离开。
3. 表示客观事实或普遍真理。
①The sun rises in the east.
②Two plus two makes four.
③Knowledge is power.
4.在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。
(主将从现)(主独,连从)
①If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to Beijing. 如果明天下雨,我们将不去北京。
动词第三人称单数的变化规则
(1)一般情况直接加s
work→works get→gets
say→says read→reads
(2)结尾为s, x, sh, ch或o,在词尾加es
discuss→discusses
wash→washes fix→fixes
teach→teaches go→goes
(3)结尾为“辅音字母+y”,变y为i再加es
carry→carries study→studies try→tries fly→flies
cry→cries
二、一般过去时
用法
1.表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,与现在没有关系,常与yesterday, the other day, ; on/in+过去的时间;last week,
the day before yesterday,等表示过去的时间状语连用。
①We had a good swim last Sunday.
②She suddenly fell ill yesterday.
③He went swimming yesterday. 昨天他去游泳了。
(did)
2. 表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often, usually, seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。
①When my brother was a teenager,he played table tennis almost every day.
3. since引导的从句用一般过去时
(主现完,从一过)
①I have lived in the house