内容正文:
句子成分及基本句型
The bike doesn’t work.
We are students.
3. The cake tastes delicious.
4. I have a lot of friends.
5. Tom lent me 200 dollars.
6. We call her Lily.
主+谓
主+系+表
主+谓+宾
主+谓+间宾+直宾
主+谓+宾+宾补
课前小测:
2
一、句子成分
members of a sentence
句子成分 意义 充当词类 例句
主语 表示句子说的是什么人或什么
事 名,代,数,不定
式,动名词,短语或
句子 We study in No.11 Middle
School.
谓语 说明主语做什么,是什么或怎
么样 动词或动词词组 She is dancing under the tree.
宾语 表示动作行为的对象 同主语 Both of us like English.
表语 与连系动词连用,一起构成谓
语,说明主语的性质或特征 同主语 Her father is a doctor.
His words sound reasonable.
定语 用来修饰名词或代词 形,代,数,名,
副,介词短语或句子 We have eight lessons every day.
状语 修饰动词,形容词,副词或句子表示动作发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,方式,结果等 副词,介词短语或句
子 He works very hard.
They held a party in Hollywood.
补语 补足主语和宾语的意义 形容词,名词,介词
短语等 She always keeps the house
clean.
同位语 在名词或代词之后,对前者加以说明的成分 名词 My hometown, Chongqing, is very beautiful.
主谓是基础,宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数,动词作谓不可无!
简单句的五种基本句型:
主语+谓语+宾语
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
3. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
动词
系动词
不及物动词
及物动词
主语+系+表语
主语+谓语
What happened?
He worked hard today.
Action speaks louder than words.
He can speak English well.
She doesn’t like dancing.
Tom is doing his homework now.
(二)谓语(predicate)说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
简单谓语:由动词或动词短语构成
复杂谓语:由“助动词/情态动词/be 动词+动词”组成
Walls have ears.
He will take you to the hospital.
Three plus four equals seven.
Smoking is bad for you.
(一)主语(subject)是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。表示句子说的是什么人或什么事。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
名词
代词
数词
动名词
My father is a teacher.
Who's that? It's me.
He fell sick.
His hobby is playing basketball
His plan is to seek work in the city.
(三)表语(predicative)用来说明主语的性质、特征、状态、身份等,位于系动词之后。一般由名词、代词、数词、形容词、 副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。
n.
pron.
adj.
doing.现在分词
to do不定式
I like English.
I don't like it.