内容正文:
Nouns
名词是英语高考必考点之一。高考中主要考查点有:动词、形容词等转换成名词的构词法、名词作定语、名词所有格、名词的单复数、名词的词义辨析等。
情况 构成方法 单数变复数例词
一般情况 加 -s map-maps, bag-bags, car-cars
以-s, -sh, -ch, -x等结尾的词 加 -es bus-buses, watch-watches,
fox-foxes, brush-brushes
以辅音字母+y结尾的词 变y为i再加es baby-babies, lady-ladies
story-stories, cherry-cherries
以元音字母+y结尾 词尾加-s key-keys, boy-boys
以-f或-fe结尾 变f或fe
为v后加-es leaf-leaves, life-lives, knife-knives, thief, wife, loaf, half, leaf, knife, wolf, life, shelf
词尾加-s chief-chiefs, roof-roofs,
belief-beliefs, giraffe-giraffes
以字母-o结尾 词尾加-es hero-heroes,
potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes
口诀:英雄爱吃土豆西红柿
词尾加-s photo-photos, kilo-kilos,
piano-pianos, zoo-zoos
以-sis结尾的外来词 变sis为ses basis-bases, analysis-analyses,
crisis-crises
名词的数
名词的单复数规则变化
变化规则 示例
单复数同形 deer, sheep, means, series, Chinese,
aircraft, spacecraft, species
变元音 foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese,
man-men, woman-women, mouse-mice
外来名词 medium-media媒体, bacterium-bacteria细菌
phenomenon-phenomena现象,
词尾加-(r)en child---children孩子, ox-oxen公牛
名词的单复数不规则变化
复合名词变复数
复合名词变复数时,通常只将其中的主体名词变成复数。
looker-on→lookers-on旁观者
passer-by→passers-by过路人
editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief总编
daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law儿媳妇
如果没有主体名词,则将最后一部分变成复数。
go-between→go-betweens中间人
look-out→look-outs守望者
grown-up→grown-ups成年人
易错点:man/woman+名词变复数时,作定语的man/woman和后面的名词都要变成复数形式,如a man doctor→two men doctors
集体名词,以单数形式出现,表达复数含义
如:people; police; cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person, a policeman, a head of cattle.
the English, the British, the French, the Chinese, the Japanese, the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。如:The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
易错点:有些集体名词通常只用作单数,视为不可数名词,如:clothing衣服,furniture家具,baggage/luggage行李,
equipment设备,poetry诗歌,jewelry珠宝,
mankind人类,scenery风景
表示由两部分构成的名词,如剪刀、裤子、钳子、袜子等
常见的有:pants, scissors, sneakers, jackets, shorts, jeans, clothes, slippers, trousers, stockings, scandals, tongs(夹钳), glasses, compasses等
若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双),suit(套),a pair of glasses,two pairs of trousers
复数形式表达特定意义的名词
good→goods货物;wate