2024届高考英语时态、体态、语态的对比与研究课件

时、体、语态 02 汉语的时和体 03 英汉时体翻译 CONTENT 英语的时和体 01 sentence→subject(NP)+predicate(VP) the form of NP: Determiner+(pre-modifier)+Noun+(post-modifier) chomsky regard the sentence as a phrase.(IP) (1) The ten o'clock news says that it is going to be cold. (2) Last week I am in the sitting room with my wife, when this chap next door staggers past and in a drunken fit throws a brick through our window. (3) Next year the United Nations celebrates the twenty-fifth anniversary of its charter. (4) One more step, and I shoot you. (5) Did you want to see me now. (6) My wife will be sorry that she missed seeing you this evening. Time: a universal concept which involves such terms as present, past, and future. Tense: a grammatical category of the verb which exists in some language and which does not necessarily correspond with the time. (traditional) Tense:A form of the verb which indicates the time relationship between the action state and the reference time. (new) Action state: state in which the action exists meaning of the present tense (1) to express connection in time (2) to express connection in psychology meaning of the past tense (1) to express distance in time (2) to express distance in reality( It is high time we left here) (3) to express distance in psychology ( I wondered if you can do me a favour) 概述 如果不是并列的动作，英语小句一般只允许使用一个谓语动词，这个动词是句子的中心。 汉语小句里的谓语不受形态变化约束，充当谓语的有动词、名词、形容词、主谓结构。 1. 你没变。 （动词） You have not changed. 2. 6月5日我生日。 （名词） June 5 is my birthday. 3. 树绿了。（形容词） Trees are green. 4. 这个问题我会解决。（主谓结构） I will solve this problem. 5. 你应该打开窗户换换空气。（连动式）You should open the window to let some fresh air in 6. 我找本书看看。（兼语式） I want to read a book. 英语动词有数、时、体、态等范畴，汉语动词不完全具有以上语法范畴，需要借助其他手段（词汇手段和语法手段）来表达上述意义。时态指的是行为或状态与说话时刻的关系，这是一种外部关系。体是语法范畴，包括视点体和情状体。前者包括进行体和完成体，后者是一个词项内在的体意义特征，包括状态、活动、成就、瞬间、实现。 小结 1.英语的时和体：时 时是一个语法范畴，是表示时间区别的动词形式。 由此可见，英语的限定动词词组有八种时、体形式。 一