内容正文:
2024届高三英语高考一轮复习语法考点
定语从句考点剖析(讲义)
01定语从句概述
定语从句是用来修饰某一名词或代词的,被修饰的名词或
代词被称为先行词,定语从句通常放在先行词的后面。
定语从句由关系代词和关系副词来引导,常见的关系代词
有that,which,who,whom,whose,关系副词有where,
when,why.
定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。修
饰限定先行词的为限制性定语从句,且不可省去;补充说明先
行词的为非限制性定语从句,且从句往往与主句用逗号隔开,
如果省去从句,句子意思依然完整。
02关系代词的用法
1、that既可指人,也可指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作
宾语可省略。
My mother is reading the book that is moving.
我妈妈正在读那本感人的书。
(that作主语)
The old lady that/who is sitting over there is a famous
singer.
坐在那边的那个老太太是一个著名歌唱家。
(that作主语)
The book (that)I put on the desk is purple.
我放在桌子上的那本书是紫色的。
(that作宾语)
2、which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作宾语可省
略。
I bought the flowers which smell good.
我买了闻起来很香的花。
(which作主语)
The flowers (which)I bought smell good.
我买的花闻起来很香。
(which作宾语)
3、who,whom用于指人,作主语用who,作宾语用
whom。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。
The boy who is playing the piano is my brother.
在弹钢琴的男孩是我弟弟。
(who作主语)
The boy whom)he met in the street is my brother.
他在街上碰到的男孩是我弟弟。
(whom作宾语)
4、whose表示“...的”,既可指人,也可指物。
This is the girl whose sister won the first prize.
这就是姐姐获得第一名的那个女孩。
I like the room whose window opens to the south.
我喜欢窗户朝南开的房间。
03关系代词注意点
l、关系词只能用that的情况
1)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数
词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that。
She was the first girl that finished the task.
她是第一个完成任务的女孩。
2)被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,
everything,anything,none,the one等不定代词时,只能用
that。
That's everything that we want to buy today.
这就是我们今天要买的所有东西。
3)先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last,
little,few等词修饰时,只能用that。
He is the very man that we are looking for.
他正是我们在找的人。
4)先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that。
It reminds me of the pianist and the piano that were in the
concert.
这让我想起了音乐会上的那个钢琴家和那架钢琴。
5)以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能
用that。
Who is the little boy that is crying over there?
那边正在哭着的小男孩是谁?
6)主句是there be结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that。
There are some magazines on the desk that belong to Mary.
桌子上有些杂志是玛丽的。
2、关系词只能用which的情况
l)先行词为that,those时,只用which。
What's that which is behind the door?
门后面的东西是什么?
2)关系代词前有介词时,只用which。
This is the house in which they live.
这是他们居住的房子。
3)引导非限制性定语从句,只用which。
He won the game,which made his pare