内容正文:
定语从句
定语从句是英语语法中的重点。除了在语法填空中会考到,在书面表达中正确恰当地运用定语从句是作文得高分的关键。另外,在阅读理解中正确理解定语从句也至关重要。
常见考点:
1. 指物时只用that或which的情况 2. 介词+关系代词 3. whose的用法及转换形式 4. as与which的区别
5. 指人时that与who的区别 6. 如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词 7. 定语从句的主谓一致问题
一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中,修饰前面的某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,在句中起定语(也就是形容词)的作用。被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose)或关系副词(where, when, why)。
如:The man who lives next to us is a policeman. (先行词 关系代词)
二、关系代词和关系副词的用法 关系代词和关系副词又称关系词,用来引导定语从句,代替先行词并在从句中担当一个成分。
词例
先行词
充当成分
例句
关
系
代
词
who
人
主语/宾语
This is the doctor who saved my life.
whom
人
宾语
She is the new student (whom) I want to tell to you.
that
人、物
主语、宾语
Football is a game that is liked by many people.
The man (that) you met just now is my friend.
which
物
主语、宾语
Please pass me the book which is lying on the table.
The novel (which) Tom bought is very interesting.
as
物
主语、宾语
The earth, as is known to all, is round.
whose =
of whom/ of which
人、物
定语
The professor whose daughter teaches you english is Dr. Williams. 他是威廉姆斯教授,他的女儿教你英语。
关
系
副
词
when =
at/in/on /during which
时间
状语
We will never forget the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.
where=at/in/to which
地点
状语
This is the house where he lived. 这是他住过的房子。
why=for which
原因
状语
I know the reason why she works so well.
三、限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别
限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句
从句与先行词的关系
从句是先行词不可缺少的定语,如果省去,主句的意思就会不完整或不明确
从句只是对先行词的附加说明,如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整
标点符号
从句与主句之间不用逗号分开
从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开
关系代词
指人用who/whom/that
指人用who(作主语)/whom(作宾语)
指物用which/that
指物用which
指人和物用whose
指人和物用whose
关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略
关系代词一般不可省略
修饰
从句只修饰一个名词或代词
可以修饰一个词,也可修饰整个主句
翻译
定语从句通常译成被修饰语的前置定语
(先翻译从句再翻译先行词)
定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子
四、关系代词的选用
1. 只能用that作关系代词的情况
说明
例句
1
当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代词时
Pay attention to everything that I do.
2
当先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时
He has little time that he can spare.
3
当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时
This is the best novel (t