定语从句关系代词that、which、who讲义 2024届高三英语语法一轮复习考点

2024届高三英语高考一轮复习语法考点 定语从句关系代词that、which、who（讲义) 高三英语教研室整理 that that既可以指人也可以指物，指人时可以换成who/whom,指物时可以换 成which。 1:Nowadays many young people feel unhappy:they do the work (that which)they don't really enjoy and marry those (that/who/whom)they don't really love.现在许多年轻人感到不开心：他们做着自己并不真正喜欢的工 作，并且和不是真正所爱的人结婚。（第一个that指代wok,指物，因此可 以换成which,.在从句中作动词enjoy的宾语：第二个that指代those,指 人，在从句中作动词love的宾语，因此可以换成who/whom) 例2：I prefer living with the roommates that/who are polite.我喜欢和礼貌 的室友住。(that指代roommates,指人，在从句中作主语，因此可以换成 who) 当先行词是something,anything,everything,all,much,little,nothing,none 等不定代词时，关系代词用that。 例I:Tell me everything that you know about it.把你知道的都告诉我。 (that指代everything,在从句中作动词know的宾语) 例2：That's all that I can do for you.这是我能为你做的所有。(that指代 all,在从句中作动词do的宾语) That's what I can do for you 注意：不能用what引导定语从句，但有时候what相当于“名词（先行 词)+关系代词（一般是that)”,此时what前面不能再有名词（先行 词)。 例l:He told me all that he had seen there,他告诉了我他在那里看到的所 有。（划线部分为定语从句） =He told me what he had seen there.(划线部分为宾语从句) 例2：My mother gave me everything that she had.我妈妈给了我她拥有的 一切。（划线部分为定语从句） =My mother gave me what she had.(划线部分为宾语从句) 由此可见，某些情况下定语从句和宾语从句可以互相转换。 当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或由the only/very,last,any,few, same,no,some等词修饰时，关系代词用that。 例I:He is always the first one that comes to school.他总是第一个到校。 that指代one,在从句中作主语) 例2：She is the most beautiful girl that I have seen.她是我见过的最漂亮的 女孩。(that指代girl,在从句中作动词seen的宾语) 例3：To face difficulties is the only method that really works,面对困难是 唯一真正有效的方法。(that指代method,在从句中作主语) 当关系代词在主句中作表语，在定语从句中也作表语的时候，关系代词 用that。 例l:She is no longer the innocent girl that she was ten years ago.她不再是 十年前那个天真的女孩了。(that指代girl,在从句中作表语) 当并列的两个先行词分别指人或物的时候，关系代词用hat。 The teachers and teaching buildings that are in the photo remind me of my school days..照片上的老师和教学楼让我想起了我的学生时代。(that指代 the teachers and teaching buildings,在从句中作主语) 当主句以疑问词who或which开头时，为避免重复，关系代词用that。 例：Which is the room that you booked?你订的房间是哪一个？(that指代 room,在从句中作动词booked的宾语) which 当先行词是物，用关系代词which(也可用that)。 例：A shop should keep a stock of those goods which/that s