专题11 情态动词和虚拟语气-2024届高三英语总复习语法运用进阶（通用版）

情态动词和虚拟语气 目标导航 (一)情态动词 考纲解读 情态动词主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等, 它是英语中最难把握的一个语法项目, 也是每年高考必考内容。从历年的高考试题, 主要从以下几个方面来考查情态动词: 1. 情态动词的基本用法和含义, 即说话人对所说的动作或状态的看法或主观设想; 2. 考查情态动词表示推测的用法区别; 3. 情态动词在虚拟语气中的运用; 4. “情态动词+have+过去分词”的其他用法。它们都要结合具体语境来考查灵活运用情态动词的能力。 考点清单 考点1 9大情态动词的基本用法 1. can/could (1)表示能力(could常用于过去的能力)。 *The police still haven’t found the missing child, but they’re doing all they can. (2)表示理论上的可能性, “有时候可能会”(用在肯定句中)。 *It can be quite windy there, especially in spring. (3)表示请求和允许, 口语中常用could代替can(could用来表示现在, 用以委婉地提出请求等, 但回答时必须用can)。 *Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station? (4)表示推测“可能”(用于否定句、疑问句中)。 *He can’t be at home for I just saw him in the classroom. 2. may/might (1)表示请求、允许、许可, might比may的语气更委婉。 *—May I take the book out? —I’m afraid not. (2)表示推测“可能”, 可能性比can/could小。 *—I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him? —Don’t worry. He might not come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were. 3. must (1)表示“必须; 应该”。 *—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? —I am afraid you must, in case he comes late for the meeting. (2)表示“偏要, 硬要”做某事。 *If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over. (3)表示推测, “一定”。 *—Good morning. I’ve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. —Ah, good morning. You must be Mrs Brown. 4. shall (1)用于第一、三人称的疑问句中, 表示征求对方的意见。 *Shall we go to the theatre by bus? (2)用于第二、三人称的陈述句中, 表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁; 此外, 表示法律、条文中规定必须……时也用shall。 *—Will you read me a story, Mummy? —OK. You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. 5. should (1)表示劝告和建议, 作“应该”讲。 *You should learn from each other. (2)表示惊讶、意外等情绪, 意为“竟然”。 *It is surprising that you should not know it. (3)用在if条件句中, 表示可能性很小, 但也不是完全不可能。 *If you should fail to come, ask Mr Smith to work in your place. 6. will/would (1)用于表示意志或意愿。 *—Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night? —I wanted to, but my mom simply would not let me out so late at night. (2)表示“请求; 建议”。用would比will委婉、客气些。 *W